Flask HTTP Digest Authentication
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Flask HTTP Digest Authentication

Description

Flask-Digest-Auth is an HTTP Digest Authentication implementation for Flask applications. It authenticates the user for the protected views.

HTTP Digest Authentication is specified in RFC 2617.

HTTP Digest Authentication has the advantage that it does not send the actual password to the server, which greatly enhances the security. It uses the challenge-response authentication scheme. The client returns the response calculated from the challenge and the password, but not the original password.

Log in forms has the advantage of freedom, in the senses of both the visual design and the actual implementation. You may implement your own challenge-response log in form, but then you are reinventing the wheels. If a pretty log in form is not critical to your project, HTTP Digest Authentication should be a good choice.

Flask-Digest-Auth works with Flask-Login. Log in protection can be separated with the authentication mechanism. You can create protected Flask modules without knowing the actual authentication mechanisms.

Installation

You can install Flask-Digest-Auth with pip:

pip install Flask-Digest-Auth

You may also install the latest source from the Flask-Digest-Auth GitHub repository.

git clone git@github.com:imacat/flask-digest-auth.git
cd flask-digest-auth
pip install .

Flask-Digest-Auth Alone

Flask-Digest-Auth can authenticate the users alone.

Example for Simple Applications with Flask-Digest-Auth Alone

In your my_app.py:

from flask import Flask
from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth

app: flask = Flask(__name__)
... (Configure the Flask application) ...

auth: DigestAuth = DigestAuth(realm="Admin")

@auth.register_get_password
def get_password_hash(username: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
    ... (Load the password hash) ...

@auth.register_get_user
def get_user(username: str) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
    ... (Load the user) ...

@app.get("/admin")
@auth.login_required
def admin():
    ... (Process the view) ...

Example for Larger Applications with create_app() with Flask-Digest-Auth Alone

In your my_app/__init__.py:

from flask import Flask
from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth

auth: DigestAuth = DigestAuth()

def create_app(test_config = None) -> Flask:
    app: flask = Flask(__name__)
    ... (Configure the Flask application) ...

    auth.realm = app.config["REALM"]

    @auth.register_get_password
    def get_password_hash(username: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
        ... (Load the password hash) ...

    @auth.register_get_user
    def get_user(username: str) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
        ... (Load the user) ...

    return app

In your my_app/views.py:

from my_app import auth
from flask import Flask, Blueprint

bp = Blueprint("admin", __name__, url_prefix="/admin")

@bp.get("/")
@auth.login_required
def admin():
    ... (Process the view) ...

def init_app(app: Flask) -> None:
    app.register_blueprint(bp)

Flask-Login Integration

Flask-Digest-Auth can work with Flask-Login. You can write a Flask module that requires log in, without specifying the authentication mechanism. The Flask application can specify the actual authentication mechanism as it sees fit.

Example for Simple Applications with Flask-Login Integration

In your my_app.py:

from flask import Flask
from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth
from flask_login import LoginManager

app: flask = Flask(__name__)
... (Configure the Flask application) ...

login_manager: LoginManager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)

@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id: str) -> t.Optional[User]:
    ... (Load the user with the username) ...

auth: DigestAuth = DigestAuth(realm="Admin")
auth.init_app(app)

@auth.register_get_password
def get_password_hash(username: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
    ... (Load the password hash) ...

@app.get("/admin")
@login_manager.login_required
def admin():
    ... (Process the view) ...

Example for Larger Applications with create_app() with Flask-Login Integration

In your my_app/__init__.py:

from flask import Flask
from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth
from flask_login import LoginManager

def create_app(test_config = None) -> Flask:
    app: flask = Flask(__name__)
    ... (Configure the Flask application) ...

    login_manager: LoginManager = LoginManager()
    login_manager.init_app(app)

    @login_manager.user_loader
    def load_user(user_id: str) -> t.Optional[User]:
        ... (Load the user with the username) ...

    auth: DigestAuth = DigestAuth(realm=app.config["REALM"])
    auth.init_app(app)

    @auth.register_get_password
    def get_password_hash(username: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
        ... (Load the password hash) ...

    return app

In your my_app/views.py:

import flask_login
from flask import Flask, Blueprint

bp = Blueprint("admin", __name__, url_prefix="/admin")

@bp.get("/")
@flask_login.login_required
def admin():
    ... (Process the view) ...

def init_app(app: Flask) -> None:
    app.register_blueprint(bp)

The views only depend on Flask-Login, but not the actual authentication mechanism. You can change the actual authentication mechanism without changing the views.

Setting the Password Hash

The password hash of the HTTP Digest Authentication is composed of the realm, the username, and the password. Example for setting the password:

from flask_digest_auth import make_password_hash

user.password = make_password_hash(realm, username, password)

The username is part of the hash. If the user changes their username, you need to ask their password, to generate and store the new password hash.

Writing Tests

You can write tests with our test client that handles HTTP Digest Authentication. Example for a unittest testcase:

from flask_digest_auth import Client
from flask_testing import TestCase
from my_app import create_app

class MyTestCase(TestCase):

    def create_app(self):
        app: Flask = create_app({
            "SECRET_KEY": token_urlsafe(32),
            "TESTING": True
        })
        app.test_client_class = Client
        return app

    def test_admin(self):
        response = self.client.get("/admin")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
        response = self.client.get(
            "/admin", digest_auth=("my_name", "my_pass"))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

Authors

imacat
2022/11/23
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