Advanced to version 0.7.0.

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ version: 2
 build:
   os: ubuntu-22.04
   tools:
-    python: "3.7"
+    python: "3.8"
 
 # Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx
 
@@ -38,3 +38,4 @@ python:
    install:
    - method: pip
      path: .
+   - requirements: docs/requirements.txt

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sphinx_rtd_theme

docs/source/changelog.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,37 @@ Change Log
 ==========
 
 
+Version 0.7.0
+-------------
+
+Released 2023/10/8
+
+* Removed the test client.  You should use httpx instead of Flask-Testing
+  when writing automatic tests.  Flask-Testing is not maintained for more
+  than 3 years, and is not compatible with Flask 3 now.
+* Revised to skip the tests when Flask-Login is not compatible with Werkzeug.
+
+
+Version 0.6.2
+-------------
+
+Released 2023/6/10
+
+* Changed logging from STDERR to the Flask logger.
+* Test case updates:
+  * Added missing documentation.
+  * Changed properties from public to private.
+  * Disabled logging.
+
+
+Version 0.6.1
+-------------
+
+Released 2023/5/3
+
+* Revised the code for the upcoming Werkzeug 2.4.
+
+
 Version 0.6.0
 -------------
 

docs/source/flask_digest_auth.rst

@@ -20,14 +20,6 @@ flask\_digest\_auth.auth module
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
 
-flask\_digest\_auth.test module
--------------------------------
-
-.. automodule:: flask_digest_auth.test
-   :members:
-   :undoc-members:
-   :show-inheritance:
-
 Module contents
 ---------------
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 test = [
     "unittest",
-    "flask-testing",
+    "httpx",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]

src/flask_digest_auth/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The Flask HTTP Digest Authentication Project.
 # Author: imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw (imacat), 2022/11/6
 
-#  Copyright (c) 2022 imacat.
+#  Copyright (c) 2022-2023 imacat.
 #
 #  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 #  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 """
 from flask_digest_auth.algo import make_password_hash, calc_response
 from flask_digest_auth.auth import DigestAuth
-from flask_digest_auth.test import Client
 
-VERSION: str = "0.6.0"
+VERSION: str = "0.7.0"
 """The package version."""

src/flask_digest_auth/auth.py

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class DigestAuth:
                 return view(*args, **kwargs)
             except UnauthorizedException as e:
                 if len(e.args) > 0:
-                    sys.stderr.write(e.args[0] + "\n")
+                    current_app.logger.warning(e.args[0])
                 response: Response = Response()
                 response.status = 401
                 response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] \
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class DigestAuth:
         if opaque is not None:
             header += f", opaque=\"{opaque}\""
         if state.stale is not None:
-            header += f", stale=TRUE" if state.stale else f", stale=FALSE"
+            header += ", stale=TRUE" if state.stale else ", stale=FALSE"
         if self.algorithm is not None:
             header += f", algorithm=\"{self.algorithm}\""
         if len(self.__qop) > 0:
@@ -344,50 +344,57 @@ class DigestAuth:
             self.realm = app.config["DIGEST_AUTH_REALM"]
 
         if hasattr(app, "login_manager"):
-            from flask_login import LoginManager, login_user
+            self.__init_login_manager(app)
 
-            login_manager: LoginManager = getattr(app, "login_manager")
+    def __init_login_manager(self, app: Flask) -> None:
+        """Initializes the Flask-Login login manager.
 
-            @login_manager.unauthorized_handler
+        :param app: The Flask application.
-            def unauthorized() -> None:
+        :return: None.
-                """Handles when the user is unauthorized.
+        """
+        from flask_login import LoginManager, login_user
+        login_manager: LoginManager = getattr(app, "login_manager")
 
-                :return: None.
+        @login_manager.unauthorized_handler
-                """
+        def unauthorized() -> None:
-                state: AuthState = getattr(request, "_digest_auth_state") \
+            """Handles when the user is unauthorized.
-                    if hasattr(request, "_digest_auth_state") \
-                    else AuthState()
-                response: Response = Response()
-                response.status = 401
-                response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] \
-                    = self.__make_response_header(state)
-                abort(response)
 
-            @login_manager.request_loader
+            :return: None.
-            def load_user_from_request(req: Request) -> Optional[Any]:
+            """
-                """Loads the user from the request header.
+            state: AuthState = getattr(request, "_digest_auth_state") \
+                if hasattr(request, "_digest_auth_state") \
+                else AuthState()
+            response: Response = Response()
+            response.status = 401
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] \
+                = self.__make_response_header(state)
+            abort(response)
 
-                :param req: The request.
+        @login_manager.request_loader
-                :return: The authenticated user, or None if the
+        def load_user_from_request(req: Request) -> Optional[Any]:
-                    authentication fails
+            """Loads the user from the request header.
-                """
+
-                request._digest_auth_state = AuthState()
+            :param req: The request.
-                authorization: Authorization = req.authorization
+            :return: The authenticated user, or None if the
-                try:
+                authentication fails
-                    if authorization is None:
+            """
-                        raise UnauthorizedException
+            request._digest_auth_state = AuthState()
-                    if authorization.type != "digest":
+            authorization: Authorization = req.authorization
-                        raise UnauthorizedException(
+            try:
-                            "Not an HTTP digest authorization")
+                if authorization is None:
-                    self.__authenticate(request._digest_auth_state)
+                    raise UnauthorizedException
-                    user = login_manager.user_callback(authorization.username)
+                if authorization.type != "digest":
-                    login_user(user)
+                    raise UnauthorizedException(
-                    self.__on_login(user)
+                        "Not an HTTP digest authorization")
-                    return user
+                self.__authenticate(request._digest_auth_state)
-                except UnauthorizedException as e:
+                user = login_manager.user_callback(authorization.username)
-                    if str(e) != "":
+                login_user(user)
-                        app.logger.warning(str(e))
+                self.__on_login(user)
-                    return None
+                return user
+            except UnauthorizedException as e:
+                if str(e) != "":
+                    app.logger.warning(str(e))
+                return None
 
     def logout(self) -> None:
         """Logs out the user.

src/flask_digest_auth/test.py

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-# The Flask HTTP Digest Authentication Project.
-# Author: imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw (imacat), 2022/11/3
-
-#  Copyright (c) 2022 imacat.
-#
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
-
-"""The test client with HTTP digest authentication enabled.
-
-"""
-from secrets import token_urlsafe
-from typing import Optional, Literal, Tuple, Dict
-
-from flask import g
-from werkzeug.datastructures import Authorization, WWWAuthenticate
-from werkzeug.test import TestResponse, Client as WerkzeugClient
-
-from flask_digest_auth.algo import calc_response, make_password_hash
-
-
-class Client(WerkzeugClient):
-    """The test client with HTTP digest authentication enabled.
-
-    :Example:
-
-    For unittest_:
-
-    ::
-
-        class MyTestCase(flask_testing.TestCase):
-
-            def create_app(self):
-                app: Flask = create_app({
-                    "SECRET_KEY": token_urlsafe(32),
-                    "TESTING": True
-                })
-                app.test_client_class = Client
-                return app
-
-            def test_admin(self):
-                response = self.client.get("/admin")
-                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-                response = self.client.get(
-                    "/admin", digest_auth=(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
-                self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-
-    For pytest_:
-
-    ::
-
-        @pytest.fixture()
-        def app():
-            app: Flask = create_app({
-                "SECRET_KEY": token_urlsafe(32),
-                "TESTING": True
-            })
-            app.test_client_class = Client
-            yield app
-
-        @pytest.fixture()
-        def client(app):
-            return app.test_client()
-
-        def test_admin(app: Flask, client: Client):
-            with app.app_context():
-                response = client.get("/admin")
-                assert response.status_code == 401
-                response = client.get(
-                    "/admin", digest_auth=(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
-                assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    .. _unittest: https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html
-    .. _pytest: https://pytest.org
-    """
-
-    def open(self, *args, digest_auth: Optional[Tuple[str, str]] = None,
-             **kwargs) -> TestResponse:
-        """Opens a request.
-
-        :param args: The arguments.
-        :param digest_auth: The (*username*, *password*) tuple for the HTTP
-            digest authentication.
-        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments.
-        :return: The response.
-        """
-        response: TestResponse = super(Client, self).open(*args, **kwargs)
-        www_authenticate: WWWAuthenticate = response.www_authenticate
-        if not (response.status_code == 401
-                and www_authenticate.type == "digest"
-                and digest_auth is not None):
-            return response
-        if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
-            delattr(g, "_login_user")
-        auth_data: Authorization = self.__class__.make_authorization(
-            www_authenticate, args[0], digest_auth[0], digest_auth[1])
-        response = super(Client, self).open(*args, auth=auth_data, **kwargs)
-        return response
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def make_authorization(www_authenticate: WWWAuthenticate, uri: str,
-                           username: str, password: str) -> Authorization:
-        """Composes and returns the request authorization.
-
-        :param www_authenticate: The ``WWW-Authenticate`` response.
-        :param uri: The request URI.
-        :param username: The username.
-        :param password: The password.
-        :return: The request authorization.
-        """
-        qop: Optional[Literal["auth", "auth-int"]] = None
-        if www_authenticate.qop is not None and "auth" in www_authenticate.qop:
-            qop = "auth"
-
-        cnonce: Optional[str] = None
-        if qop is not None or www_authenticate.algorithm == "MD5-sess":
-            cnonce = token_urlsafe(8)
-        nc: Optional[str] = None
-        count: int = 1
-        if qop is not None:
-            nc: str = hex(count)[2:].zfill(8)
-
-        expected: str = calc_response(
-            method="GET", uri=uri,
-            password_hash=make_password_hash(www_authenticate.realm,
-                                             username, password),
-            nonce=www_authenticate.nonce, qop=qop,
-            algorithm=www_authenticate.algorithm, cnonce=cnonce, nc=nc,
-            body=None)
-
-        data: Dict[str, str] = {
-            "username": username, "realm": www_authenticate.realm,
-            "nonce": www_authenticate.nonce, "uri": uri, "response": expected}
-        if www_authenticate.algorithm is not None:
-            data["algorithm"] = www_authenticate.algorithm
-        if cnonce is not None:
-            data["cnonce"] = cnonce
-        if www_authenticate.opaque is not None:
-            data["opaque"] = www_authenticate.opaque
-        if qop is not None:
-            data["qop"] = qop
-        if nc is not None:
-            data["nc"] = nc
-
-        return Authorization("digest", data=data)

tests/test_auth.py

@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@
 """The test case for the HTTP digest authentication.
 
 """
+import logging
+import unittest
 from secrets import token_urlsafe
 from typing import Any, Optional, Dict
 
-from flask import Response, Flask, g, redirect, request
+import httpx
-from flask_testing import TestCase
+from flask import Flask, g, redirect, request
-from werkzeug.datastructures import WWWAuthenticate, Authorization
+from werkzeug.datastructures import WWWAuthenticate
 
-from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth, make_password_hash, Client
+from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth, make_password_hash
-
+from testlib import REALM, USERNAME, PASSWORD, ADMIN_1_URI, ADMIN_2_URI, \
-_REALM: str = "testrealm@host.com"
+    LOGOUT_URI, make_authorization
-_USERNAME: str = "Mufasa"
-_PASSWORD: str = "Circle Of Life"
 
 
 class User:
@@ -42,31 +42,38 @@ class User:
         :param password: The clear-text password.
         """
         self.username: str = username
-        self.password_hash: str = make_password_hash(
+        """The username."""
-            _REALM, username, password)
+        self.password_hash: str = make_password_hash(REALM, username, password)
+        """The password hash."""
         self.visits: int = 0
+        """The number of visits."""
 
 
-class AuthenticationTestCase(TestCase):
+class AuthenticationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """The test case for the HTTP digest authentication."""
 
-    def create_app(self):
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        """Creates the Flask application.
+        """Sets up the test.
+        This is run once per test.
 
-        :return: The Flask application.
+        :return: None.
         """
+        logging.getLogger("test_auth").addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
         app: Flask = Flask(__name__)
         app.config.from_mapping({
             "TESTING": True,
             "SECRET_KEY": token_urlsafe(32),
-            "DIGEST_AUTH_REALM": _REALM,
+            "DIGEST_AUTH_REALM": REALM,
         })
-        app.test_client_class = Client
+        self.__client: httpx.Client = httpx.Client(
+            app=app, base_url="https://testserver")
+        """The testing client."""
 
         auth: DigestAuth = DigestAuth()
         auth.init_app(app)
-        self.user: User = User(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD)
+        self.__user: User = User(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
-        user_db: Dict[str, User] = {_USERNAME: self.user}
+        """The user account."""
+        user_db: Dict[str, User] = {USERNAME: self.__user}
 
         @auth.register_get_password
         def get_password_hash(username: str) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -96,7 +103,7 @@ class AuthenticationTestCase(TestCase):
             """
             user.visits = user.visits + 1
 
-        @app.get("/admin-1/auth", endpoint="admin-1")
+        @app.get(ADMIN_1_URI, endpoint="admin-1")
         @auth.login_required
         def admin_1() -> str:
             """The first administration section.
@@ -105,7 +112,7 @@ class AuthenticationTestCase(TestCase):
             """
             return f"Hello, {g.user.username}! #1"
 
-        @app.get("/admin-2/auth", endpoint="admin-2")
+        @app.get(ADMIN_2_URI, endpoint="admin-2")
         @auth.login_required
         def admin_2() -> str:
             """The second administration section.
@@ -114,7 +121,7 @@ class AuthenticationTestCase(TestCase):
             """
             return f"Hello, {g.user.username}! #2"
 
-        @app.post("/logout", endpoint="logout")
+        @app.post(LOGOUT_URI, endpoint="logout")
         @auth.login_required
         def logout() -> redirect:
             """Logs out the user.
@@ -124,63 +131,65 @@ class AuthenticationTestCase(TestCase):
             auth.logout()
             return redirect(request.form.get("next"))
 
-        return app
-
     def test_auth(self) -> None:
         """Tests the authentication.
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        response: Response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"))
+        response: httpx.Response
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        response = self.client.get(
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-            self.app.url_for("admin-1"), digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(response.data.decode("UTF-8"),
+        self.assertEqual(response.text, f"Hello, {USERNAME}! #1")
-                         f"Hello, {_USERNAME}! #1")
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_2_URI)
-        response: Response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-2"))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(response.data.decode("UTF-8"),
+        self.assertEqual(response.text, f"Hello, {USERNAME}! #2")
-                         f"Hello, {_USERNAME}! #2")
+        self.assertEqual(self.__user.visits, 1)
-        self.assertEqual(self.user.visits, 1)
 
     def test_stale_opaque(self) -> None:
         """Tests the stale and opaque value.
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        admin_uri: str = self.app.url_for("admin-1")
+        response: httpx.Response
-        response: Response
         www_authenticate: WWWAuthenticate
-        auth_data: Authorization
+        auth_header: str
 
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        www_authenticate = response.www_authenticate
+        www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])
         self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.type, "digest")
-        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.stale, None)
+        self.assertIsNone(www_authenticate.get("stale"))
         opaque: str = www_authenticate.opaque
 
         www_authenticate.nonce = "bad"
-        auth_data = Client.make_authorization(
+        auth_header = make_authorization(
-            www_authenticate, admin_uri, _USERNAME, _PASSWORD)
+            www_authenticate, ADMIN_1_URI, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri, auth=auth_data)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
+                                     headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        www_authenticate = response.www_authenticate
+        www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(
-        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.stale, True)
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])
+        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.get("stale"), "TRUE")
         self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.opaque, opaque)
 
-        auth_data = Client.make_authorization(
+        auth_header = make_authorization(
-            www_authenticate, admin_uri, _USERNAME, _PASSWORD + "2")
+            www_authenticate, ADMIN_1_URI, USERNAME, PASSWORD + "2")
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri, auth=auth_data)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
+                                     headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        www_authenticate = response.www_authenticate
+        www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(
-        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.stale, False)
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])
+        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.get("stale"), "FALSE")
         self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.opaque, opaque)
 
-        auth_data = Client.make_authorization(
+        auth_header = make_authorization(
-            www_authenticate, admin_uri, _USERNAME, _PASSWORD)
+            www_authenticate, ADMIN_1_URI, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri, auth=auth_data)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
+                                     headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     def test_logout(self) -> None:
@@ -188,35 +197,34 @@ class AuthenticationTestCase(TestCase):
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        admin_uri: str = self.app.url_for("admin-1")
+        logout_uri: str = LOGOUT_URI
-        logout_uri: str = self.app.url_for("logout")
+        response: httpx.Response
-        response: Response
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri,
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        response = self.client.post(logout_uri, data={"next": admin_uri})
+        response = self.__client.post(logout_uri, data={"next": ADMIN_1_URI})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(response.location, admin_uri)
+        self.assertEqual(response.headers["Location"], ADMIN_1_URI)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri,
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri,
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(self.user.visits, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.__user.visits, 2)

tests/test_flask_login.py

@@ -18,18 +18,21 @@
 """The test case for the Flask-Login integration.
 
 """
+import logging
+import unittest
 from secrets import token_urlsafe
 from typing import Optional, Dict
 
-from flask import Response, Flask, g, redirect, request
+import httpx
-from flask_testing import TestCase
+from flask import Flask, g, redirect, request
-from werkzeug.datastructures import WWWAuthenticate, Authorization
+from werkzeug.datastructures import WWWAuthenticate
 
-from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth, make_password_hash, Client
+from flask_digest_auth import DigestAuth, make_password_hash
+from testlib import REALM, USERNAME, PASSWORD, ADMIN_1_URI, ADMIN_2_URI, \
+    LOGOUT_URI, make_authorization
 
-_REALM: str = "testrealm@host.com"
+SKIPPED_NO_FLASK_LOGIN: str = "Skipped without Flask-Login."
-_USERNAME: str = "Mufasa"
+"""The message that a test is skipped when Flask-Login is not installed."""
-_PASSWORD: str = "Circle Of Life"
 
 
 class User:
@@ -42,11 +45,15 @@ class User:
         :param password: The clear-text password.
         """
         self.username: str = username
-        self.password_hash: str = make_password_hash(
+        """The username."""
-            _REALM, username, password)
+        self.password_hash: str = make_password_hash(REALM, username, password)
+        """The password hash."""
         self.visits: int = 0
+        """The number of visits."""
         self.is_active: bool = True
+        """True if the account is active, or False otherwise."""
         self.is_anonymous: bool = False
+        """True if the account is anonymous, or False otherwise."""
 
     def get_id(self) -> str:
         """Returns the username.
@@ -67,37 +74,46 @@ class User:
         return self.is_active
 
 
-class FlaskLoginTestCase(TestCase):
+class FlaskLoginTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """The test case with the Flask-Login integration."""
 
-    def create_app(self) -> Flask:
+    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        """Creates the Flask application.
+        """Sets up the test.
+        This is run once per test.
 
-        :return: The Flask application.
+        :return: None.
         """
-        app: Flask = Flask(__name__)
+        logging.getLogger("test_flask_login").addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
-        app.config.from_mapping({
+        self.app: Flask = Flask(__name__)
+        self.app.config.from_mapping({
             "TESTING": True,
             "SECRET_KEY": token_urlsafe(32),
-            "DIGEST_AUTH_REALM": _REALM,
+            "DIGEST_AUTH_REALM": REALM,
         })
-        app.test_client_class = Client
+        self.__client: httpx.Client = httpx.Client(
+            app=self.app, base_url="https://testserver")
+        """The testing client."""
 
-        self.has_flask_login: bool = True
+        self.__has_flask_login: bool = True
+        """Whether the Flask-Login package is installed."""
         try:
             import flask_login
         except ModuleNotFoundError:
-            self.has_flask_login = False
+            self.__has_flask_login = False
-            return app
+            return
+        except ImportError:
+            self.__has_flask_login = False
+            return
 
         login_manager: flask_login.LoginManager = flask_login.LoginManager()
-        login_manager.init_app(app)
+        login_manager.init_app(self.app)
 
         auth: DigestAuth = DigestAuth()
-        auth.init_app(app)
+        auth.init_app(self.app)
 
-        self.user: User = User(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD)
+        self.__user: User = User(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
-        user_db: Dict[str, User] = {_USERNAME: self.user}
+        """The user account."""
+        user_db: Dict[str, User] = {USERNAME: self.__user}
 
         @auth.register_get_password
         def get_password_hash(username: str) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -127,7 +143,7 @@ class FlaskLoginTestCase(TestCase):
             """
             return user_db[user_id] if user_id in user_db else None
 
-        @app.get("/admin-1/auth", endpoint="admin-1")
+        @self.app.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         @flask_login.login_required
         def admin_1() -> str:
             """The first administration section.
@@ -136,7 +152,7 @@ class FlaskLoginTestCase(TestCase):
             """
             return f"Hello, {flask_login.current_user.get_id()}! #1"
 
-        @app.get("/admin-2/auth", endpoint="admin-2")
+        @self.app.get(ADMIN_2_URI)
         @flask_login.login_required
         def admin_2() -> str:
             """The second administration section.
@@ -145,7 +161,7 @@ class FlaskLoginTestCase(TestCase):
             """
             return f"Hello, {flask_login.current_user.get_id()}! #2"
 
-        @app.post("/logout", endpoint="logout")
+        @self.app.post(LOGOUT_URI)
         @flask_login.login_required
         def logout() -> redirect:
             """Logs out the user.
@@ -155,75 +171,81 @@ class FlaskLoginTestCase(TestCase):
             auth.logout()
             return redirect(request.form.get("next"))
 
-        return app
-
     def test_auth(self) -> None:
         """Tests the authentication.
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        if not self.has_flask_login:
+        if not self.__has_flask_login:
-            self.skipTest("Skipped without Flask-Login.")
+            self.skipTest(SKIPPED_NO_FLASK_LOGIN)
 
-        response: Response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"))
+        response: httpx.Response
+
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        response = self.client.get(
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-            self.app.url_for("admin-1"), digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(response.data.decode("UTF-8"),
+        self.assertEqual(response.text, f"Hello, {USERNAME}! #1")
-                         f"Hello, {_USERNAME}! #1")
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_2_URI)
-        response: Response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-2"))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(response.data.decode("UTF-8"),
+        self.assertEqual(response.text, f"Hello, {USERNAME}! #2")
-                         f"Hello, {_USERNAME}! #2")
+        self.assertEqual(self.__user.visits, 1)
-        self.assertEqual(self.user.visits, 1)
 
     def test_stale_opaque(self) -> None:
         """Tests the stale and opaque value.
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        if not self.has_flask_login:
+        if not self.__has_flask_login:
-            self.skipTest("Skipped without Flask-Login.")
+            self.skipTest(SKIPPED_NO_FLASK_LOGIN)
 
-        admin_uri: str = self.app.url_for("admin-1")
+        response: httpx.Response
-        response: Response
         www_authenticate: WWWAuthenticate
-        auth_data: Authorization
+        auth_header: str
 
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        www_authenticate = response.www_authenticate
+        www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])
         self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.type, "digest")
-        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.stale, None)
+        self.assertIsNone(www_authenticate.get("stale"))
         opaque: str = www_authenticate.opaque
 
-        if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
+        with self.app.app_context():
-            delattr(g, "_login_user")
+            if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
+                delattr(g, "_login_user")
         www_authenticate.nonce = "bad"
-        auth_data = Client.make_authorization(
+        auth_header = make_authorization(
-            www_authenticate, admin_uri, _USERNAME, _PASSWORD)
+            www_authenticate, ADMIN_1_URI, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri, auth=auth_data)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
+                                     headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        www_authenticate = response.www_authenticate
+        www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(
-        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.stale, True)
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])
+        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.get("stale"), "TRUE")
         self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.opaque, opaque)
 
-        if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
+        with self.app.app_context():
-            delattr(g, "_login_user")
+            if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
-        auth_data = Client.make_authorization(
+                delattr(g, "_login_user")
-            www_authenticate, admin_uri, _USERNAME, _PASSWORD + "2")
+        auth_header = make_authorization(
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri, auth=auth_data)
+            www_authenticate, ADMIN_1_URI, USERNAME, PASSWORD + "2")
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
+                                     headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        www_authenticate = response.www_authenticate
+        www_authenticate = WWWAuthenticate.from_header(
-        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.stale, False)
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"])
+        self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.get("stale"), "FALSE")
         self.assertEqual(www_authenticate.opaque, opaque)
 
-        if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
+        with self.app.app_context():
-            delattr(g, "_login_user")
+            if hasattr(g, "_login_user"):
-        auth_data = Client.make_authorization(
+                delattr(g, "_login_user")
-            www_authenticate, admin_uri, _USERNAME, _PASSWORD)
+        auth_header = make_authorization(
-        response = super(Client, self.client).get(admin_uri, auth=auth_data)
+            www_authenticate, ADMIN_1_URI, USERNAME, PASSWORD)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
+                                     headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     def test_logout(self) -> None:
@@ -231,69 +253,67 @@ class FlaskLoginTestCase(TestCase):
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        if not self.has_flask_login:
+        if not self.__has_flask_login:
-            self.skipTest("Skipped without Flask-Login.")
+            self.skipTest(SKIPPED_NO_FLASK_LOGIN)
 
-        admin_uri: str = self.app.url_for("admin-1")
+        response: httpx.Response
-        logout_uri: str = self.app.url_for("logout")
-        response: Response
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri,
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        response = self.client.post(logout_uri, data={"next": admin_uri})
+        response = self.__client.post(LOGOUT_URI, data={"next": ADMIN_1_URI})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
-        self.assertEqual(response.location, admin_uri)
+        self.assertEqual(response.headers["Location"], ADMIN_1_URI)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri,
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri,
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        response = self.client.get(admin_uri)
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        self.assertEqual(self.user.visits, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.__user.visits, 2)
 
     def test_disabled(self) -> None:
         """Tests the disabled user.
 
         :return: None.
         """
-        if not self.has_flask_login:
+        if not self.__has_flask_login:
-            self.skipTest("Skipped without Flask-Login.")
+            self.skipTest(SKIPPED_NO_FLASK_LOGIN)
 
-        response: Response
+        response: httpx.Response
 
-        self.user.is_active = False
+        self.__user.is_active = False
-        response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"))
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"),
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
 
-        self.user.is_active = True
+        self.__user.is_active = True
-        response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"),
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-        response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"))
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-        self.user.is_active = False
+        self.__user.is_active = False
-        response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"))
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)
-        response = self.client.get(self.app.url_for("admin-1"),
+        response = self.__client.get(ADMIN_1_URI,
-                                   digest_auth=(_USERNAME, _PASSWORD))
+                                     auth=httpx.DigestAuth(USERNAME, PASSWORD))
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 401)

tests/testlib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# The Flask HTTP Digest Authentication Project.
+# Author: imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw (imacat), 2023/10/5
+
+#  Copyright (c) 2023 imacat.
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+"""The common test libraries.
+
+"""
+from secrets import token_urlsafe
+from typing import Optional, Literal, Dict
+
+from werkzeug.datastructures import Authorization, WWWAuthenticate
+from werkzeug.http import parse_set_header
+
+from flask_digest_auth import calc_response, make_password_hash
+
+REALM: str = "testrealm@host.com"
+"""The realm."""
+USERNAME: str = "Mufasa"
+"""The username."""
+PASSWORD: str = "Circle Of Life"
+"""The password."""
+ADMIN_1_URI: str = "/admin-1/auth"
+"""The first administration URI."""
+ADMIN_2_URI: str = "/admin-2/auth"
+"""The first administration URI."""
+LOGOUT_URI: str = "/logout"
+"""The log out URI."""
+
+
+def make_authorization(www_authenticate: WWWAuthenticate, uri: str,
+                       username: str, password: str) -> str:
+    """Composes and returns the request authorization.
+
+    :param www_authenticate: The ``WWW-Authenticate`` response.
+    :param uri: The request URI.
+    :param username: The username.
+    :param password: The password.
+    :return: The request authorization header.
+    """
+    qop: Optional[Literal["auth", "auth-int"]] = None
+    if "auth" in parse_set_header(www_authenticate.get("qop")):
+        qop = "auth"
+
+    cnonce: Optional[str] = None
+    if qop is not None or www_authenticate.algorithm == "MD5-sess":
+        cnonce = token_urlsafe(8)
+    nc: Optional[str] = None
+    count: int = 1
+    if qop is not None:
+        nc: str = hex(count)[2:].zfill(8)
+
+    expected: str = calc_response(
+        method="GET", uri=uri,
+        password_hash=make_password_hash(www_authenticate.realm,
+                                         username, password),
+        nonce=www_authenticate.nonce, qop=qop,
+        algorithm=www_authenticate.algorithm, cnonce=cnonce, nc=nc,
+        body=None)
+
+    data: Dict[str, str] = {
+        "username": username, "realm": www_authenticate.realm,
+        "nonce": www_authenticate.nonce, "uri": uri, "response": expected}
+    if www_authenticate.algorithm is not None:
+        data["algorithm"] = www_authenticate.algorithm
+    if cnonce is not None:
+        data["cnonce"] = cnonce
+    if www_authenticate.opaque is not None:
+        data["opaque"] = www_authenticate.opaque
+    if qop is not None:
+        data["qop"] = qop
+    if nc is not None:
+        data["nc"] = nc
+
+    return str(Authorization("digest", data=data))