Initialized from version 1.28 (2009/6/27).

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Makefile
+Makefile.old
+blib
+Build
+_build
+MYMETA.json
+MYMETA.yml
+pm_to_blib

Artistic

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+
+
+
+
+			 The "Artistic License"
+
+				Preamble
+
+The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a
+Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some
+semblance of artistic control over the development of the package,
+while giving the users of the package the right to use and distribute
+the Package in a more-or-less customary fashion, plus the right to make
+reasonable modifications.
+
+Definitions:
+
+	"Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the
+	Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files
+	created through textual modification.
+
+	"Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been
+	modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes
+	of the Copyright Holder as specified below.
+
+	"Copyright Holder" is whoever is named in the copyright or
+	copyrights for the package.
+
+	"You" is you, if you're thinking about copying or distributing
+	this Package.
+
+	"Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the
+	basis of media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved,
+	and so on.  (You will not be required to justify it to the
+	Copyright Holder, but only to the computing community at large
+	as a market that must bear the fee.)
+
+	"Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item
+	itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item.
+	It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it
+	under the same conditions they received it.
+
+1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the
+Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you
+duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+
+2. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications
+derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder.  A Package
+modified in such a way shall still be considered the Standard Version.
+
+3. You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided
+that you insert a prominent notice in each changed file stating how and
+when you changed that file, and provided that you do at least ONE of the
+following:
+
+    a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them
+    Freely Available, such as by posting said modifications to Usenet or
+    an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on a major archive
+    site such as uunet.uu.net, or by allowing the Copyright Holder to include
+    your modifications in the Standard Version of the Package.
+
+    b) use the modified Package only within your corporation or organization.
+
+    c) rename any non-standard executables so the names do not conflict
+    with standard executables, which must also be provided, and provide
+    a separate manual page for each non-standard executable that clearly
+    documents how it differs from the Standard Version.
+
+    d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
+
+4. You may distribute the programs of this Package in object code or
+executable form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+
+    a) distribute a Standard Version of the executables and library files,
+    together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent) on where
+    to get the Standard Version.
+
+    b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of
+    the Package with your modifications.
+
+    c) give non-standard executables non-standard names, and clearly
+    document the differences in manual pages (or equivalent), together
+    with instructions on where to get the Standard Version.
+
+    d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
+
+5. You may charge a reasonable copying fee for any distribution of this
+Package.  You may charge any fee you choose for support of this
+Package.  You may not charge a fee for this Package itself.  However,
+you may distribute this Package in aggregate with other (possibly
+commercial) programs as part of a larger (possibly commercial) software
+distribution provided that you do not advertise this Package as a
+product of your own.  You may embed this Package's interpreter within
+an executable of yours (by linking); this shall be construed as a mere
+form of aggregation, provided that the complete Standard Version of the
+interpreter is so embedded.
+
+6. The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as
+output from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall
+under the copyright of this Package, but belong to whoever generated
+them, and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this
+Package.  If such scripts or library files are aggregated with this
+Package via the so-called "undump" or "unexec" methods of producing a
+binary executable image, then distribution of such an image shall
+neither be construed as a distribution of this Package nor shall it
+fall under the restrictions of Paragraphs 3 and 4, provided that you do
+not represent such an executable image as a Standard Version of this
+Package.
+
+7. C subroutines (or comparably compiled subroutines in other
+languages) supplied by you and linked into this Package in order to
+emulate subroutines and variables of the language defined by this
+Package shall not be considered part of this Package, but are the
+equivalent of input as in Paragraph 6, provided these subroutines do
+not change the language in any way that would cause it to fail the
+regression tests for the language.
+
+8. Aggregation of this Package with a commercial distribution is always
+permitted provided that the use of this Package is embedded; that is,
+when no overt attempt is made to make this Package's interfaces visible
+to the end user of the commercial distribution.  Such use shall not be
+construed as a distribution of this Package.
+
+9. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote
+products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+10. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+				The End

BUGS

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Please send your bug reports to me directly, at
+imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw.
+
+Sorry that mailing list is not available yet till this time.

Build.PL

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+use strict;
+use Module::Build;
+
+my $build = Module::Build->new(
+    dist_name       => "Locale-Maketext-Gettext",
+    dist_version    => "1.28",
+    dist_abstract   => "Joins gettext and Maketext frameworks",
+    dist_author     => "imacat <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>",
+    license         => "perl",
+    sign            => 1,
+    
+    script_files    => [ "script/maketext" ],
+    requires        => {
+        "perl"          => "5.8.0",
+    },
+    add_to_cleanup	=> [ "t/test_native.po", "t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test_native.mo" ],
+);
+
+$build->create_build_script;
+
+__END__

COPYING

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
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Changes

@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+Locale-Maketext-Gettext change log
+
+2009-06-27	version 1.28
+	 Build script fix.  No code changes.
+	 1. Build.PL: Removed the build_requires, as they are not
+	    required by the build process, but by the test process.
+	    The build process should not be blocked by them.
+	    Suggested by Ryan Niebur <ryanryan52@gmail.com> and
+	    Adam Kennedy <adamkennedybackup@gmail.com>
+	    (and Audrey Tang).
+
+2009-04-28	version 1.27
+	 Test suite fix.  No code changes.
+	 1. t/03-errors.t: Fixed the find_system_mo() subroutine to
+	    exclude MO files with special characters that might be
+	    considered as code by Locale::Maketext.
+	 2. t/02-big-endian.t: Fixed the native-built MO file test
+	    and moved the $POfile and $MOfile file name assignment
+	    to the beginning, to ensure that their values are
+	    assigned even if GNU gettext is not installed and
+	    the test is skipped on the target test system.
+
+2008-11-11
+	 1. INSTALL: Fixed the grammer, changed "none" to "None.".
+
+2008-04-22	version 1.26
+	Documentation fix.  No code changes.
+	 1. bin/maketext: Moved to script/maketext.
+
+2008-04-21
+	 1. TODO: Added.
+	 2. Artistic and COPYING: Added.
+	 3. INSTALL: Added.  Installation instructions moved from README
+	    to INSTALL.
+
+2008-04-11	version 1.25
+	Test suite fix.  No code changes.
+	 1. t/03-errors.t and t/08-f-errors.t: Added find_system_mo(), to
+	    select a system MO file that we can use.
+
+2008-02-26	version 1.24
+	Test and build suite fix.  No code changes.
+	 1. t/02-big-endian.t: Added creating PO at run time, in order
+	    to work with GNU gettext < 0.15 whose msgfmt does not support
+	    msgctxt yet.  This should work with both older and newer
+	    GNU gettext.
+	 2. t/test_native.po: Removed.  It is now generated by
+	    t/02-big-endian.t at run time.
+	 3. Makefile.PL: Added "clean" to clean-up possible existing
+	    test_native.po and test_native.mo.
+	 4. Build.PL: Added "add_to_cleanup" to clean-up possible existing
+	    test_native.po and test_native.mo.
+	 5. Build.PL: Added "build_requires".
+	 6. t/08-f-errors.t: Fixed so that it finds the newest MO file
+	    found on the system, in order to avoid lagacy MO files.
+	    (gettext 0.10 in 1995?)
+	 7. t/08-f-errors.t: Fixed test 38 so that it skips in the eval()
+	    block, and dumps the error on failure.
+	 8. Changes: Added several missing change notes in version 1.23.
+
+2008-02-19	version 1.23
+	Added support for GNU gettext pgettext() as pmaketext(), to
+	translate text messages in a particular context.
+	 1. Gettext.pm: Added the pmaketext() method as an equivalent of
+	    the pgettext() function in GNU gettext, to look up the text
+	    message in a particular context, according to the suggestion
+	    by Chris Travers.
+	 2. Functions.pm: Added the pmaketext() function as an equivalent
+	    of the pgettext() function in GNU gettext, and the dpmaketext()
+	    function as an equivalent of the dpgettext() function in GNU
+	    gettext, to look up the text message in a particular context,
+	    according to the suggestion by Chris Travers.
+	 3. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: Fixed documentation and comments.
+	    Changed "perl" as "Perl".  Removed contractions and replaced
+	    them with full sayings, in order to work with syntax
+	    highlighting.  Removed emotional marks for the same reason.
+	 4. Makefile.PL: Added conditional checks for whether LICENSE is
+	    available in ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
+	 5. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: Added xgettext keyword notation
+	    for dmaketext(), pmaketext() and dpmaketext().
+	 6. t/locale/*/LC_MESSAGES/*.mo, t/test_native.po: Added messages
+	    with contexts for pmaketext() testings.
+	 7. t/*.t: Added tests for pmaketext() and dpmaketext().
+	 8. Gettext.pm: Fixed the failure_handler_auto() method to remove
+	    the message context from the message key before sending to
+	    the failure lexicon.  The failure_handler_auto() method
+	    differs from its Locale::Maketext parent from now on.
+
+2007-03-28	version 1.22
+	 1. t/*-f-*.t: Moved Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset()
+	    from the end of each set of tests, to the front of each set of
+	    tests.  If at the end of the test set, it would not be run if
+	    the eval{} block fails.
+	 2. Gettext.pm, Functions.pm and maketext: Updated the URL of the
+	    GNU gettext manual in the their POD documents.
+	 3. Functions.pm: The example in its POD document is updated to show
+	    more of the nature of Locale::Maketext.
+
+2007-03-28	version 1.21
+	 1. 04-encodings.t and 09-f-encodings.t: Inserted test#26 to test the
+	    $@ error message.  It is an encode() error that is not affected
+	    by the Locale::Maketext $@ change with "local $@".
+	 2. 06-racing.t: Added $LOOKUP_FAILURE as look-up failure flag.  Added
+	    a simple subroutine to handle lookup failure.  Test that to see if
+	    we are really die from lookup failure.
+	 3. Gettext.pm, Functions.pm and 09-f-encodings.t: Renamed
+	    ENCODING_SET to USERSET_ENCODING.  USERSET_ENCODING is set to
+	    the encoding user specified.  Future test should use "exists",
+	    but not "defined", as user may supply undef on this.
+	 4. Gettext.pm: Renaming _lmg_failure_handler_auto() to
+	    failure_handler_auto().  It should be OK to override it, and this
+	    help subclasses to employ our version.
+	 5. Functions.pm: Note why we don't use $@ but @ as the prototypes of
+	    __(), N_(), maketext().
+	 6. Functions.pm: Removed unused global variable $ENCODING.
+	 7. Functions.pm: Renamed %VARS to %PARAMS.  Changed $KEY_ENCODING
+	    to $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"}.  Changed $DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES to
+	    $PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"}.  Changed $ENCODE_FAILURE to
+	    $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"}.
+	 8. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: Changed the returning line of
+	    encoding(), key_encoding() and die_for_lookup_failures() to one
+	    conditional line.  This is more neat.
+	 9. Functions.pm: Updated _reset(), resetting $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"} to
+	    "US-ASCII" instead of undef, add resetting
+	    $PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} to 0;
+	10. Gettext.pm: Updated failure_handler_auto(), check if this method
+	    is revoked statically.
+	11. t/*-f-*.t: Added Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset() to
+	    the end of each set of tests, to reset the environment.
+	12. Gettext.pm: Added fail_with() as a wrapper to record the user set
+	    lookup failure handler, so that we can safely switch with
+	    die_for_lookup_failures().  A new attribute {"USERSET_FAIL"} is
+	    added to record it.  All references to fail_with() in other places
+	    of the code are changed to SUPER::fail_with().  fail_with() is
+	    only for the user since it will update the registered user
+	    preference.
+	13. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: In maketext(), check if the key is
+	    Perl utf8 text with Encode::is_utf8() first before decode() the
+	    key, so that user can safely run a multibyte-awared script.
+	14. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: In maketext(), check if the key is
+	    Perl utf8 text with Encode::is_utf8() first before encode(), for
+	    empty/invalid lexicon with key_encoding() set but no output
+	    encoding, so that we can have a real pass through.  In the case
+	    of an empty/invalid lexicon, the user should be responsible for
+	    the output encoding.  Added $keyd as the decoded() $key, so
+	    that we can check the original $key later.
+	15. Functions.pm: In __(), removed unused variables $encoding,
+	    $lh_encoding and $key_encoding.
+	16. maketext: In parse_args(), check the return value of the eval { }
+	    block instead of $@, and remove the extra new line when outputing
+	    the error in $@.
+	17. maketext: Added an example at the DESCRIPTION chapter of the
+	    POD documentation.
+	18. Gettext.pm: Added a note on the relation of fail_with()
+	    die_for_lookup_failures() at the description of the
+	    die_for_lookup_failures() method at the METHODS section
+	    of the POD documentation.
+	19. Makefile.PL: Added LICENSE attribute as "perl".
+
+2007-03-28	version 1.20
+	Rewrite to follow the error handler design of Locale::Maketext, i.e.
+	the fail_with() method, instead of our own.
+	Clean up encoding mess.  You may need to check if your application
+	was depending on the previous wrong, hard-to-handle behavior on look
+	up failurs.  The new behavior should be easier to deal with.
+	 1. Gettext.pm: In the textdomain() function, make sure {"ENCODING"}
+	    is not set to undef when MO file does not exists.
+	 2. Functions.pm: In the encoding() function, removed a piece of long
+	    gone, commented code.
+	 3. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: In the encoding(), textdomain() and
+	    the _get_handle() function, add a flag {"ENCODING_SET"} to tag if
+	    we should respect the encoding() setting of the user.  If there is
+	    no user preferred encoding(), when obtaining language handle with
+	    _get_handle() or textdomain(), encoding() will change to the
+	    output encoding() to that of the corresponding MO file.
+	 4. 09-f-encoding.t: Added "delete $VARS{"ENCODING_SET"}" in the end
+	    of each test to clean up the environment.
+	 5. Gettext.pm: Update the version number to 1.20.
+	 6. Functions.pm: Update the version number to 0.10.
+	 7. t/99-pod.t: Added.
+	 8. Makefile.PL: Stylish clean-up and update.  Added "SIGN".
+	 9. Build.PL: Added.
+
+2007-03-27
+	 1. Gettext.pm: Added _lmg_failure_handler_auto(), as a replacement
+	    of Locale::Maketext's failure_handler_auto().  Locale::Maketext's
+	    failure_handler_auto() until version 1.10 has problem with
+	    message keys without any brackets.  See bug#33938 on rt.cpan.org.
+	    It's content was simply copied from failure_handler_auto().
+	 2. Gettext.pm: Removed classes Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_AUTO,
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_AUTO::i_default,
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_EMPTY and
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_EMPTY::i_default.  We are using
+	    Locale::Maketext's fail_with() method to deal with look up errors
+	    rather than making dummy language handles and deal with them by
+	    ourselves.  This simplify things, making the code more compatible
+	    with Locale::Maketext.  As a result, Locale::Maketext's
+	    fail_with() method and {"fail"} attribute are working now.
+	 3. Gettext.pm: In the maketext() method, removed the code that deal
+	    with look up errors by ourselves.  Now we handle this with the
+	    {"fail"} attribute and the _lmg_failure_handler_auto() method,
+	    following the original Locale::Maketext's design.
+	 4. Gettext.pm: In the textdomain() method, added clear_isa_scan() in
+	    the end to clear the ISA handler look up cache table.  This way we
+	    are not affected by the cache of _lmg_failure_handler_auto()
+	    when switching domain with textdomain().
+	 5. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: In encoding() and key_encoding(),
+	    feeding undef delete the property.  This is to unify the practice
+	    of "exists" and "defined" tests.  All tests should use "exists"
+	    instead of "defined" now.
+	 6. Functions.pm: Added classes
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_EMPTY and
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_EMPTY::i_default as a
+	    dummy locale.
+	 7. Functions.pm: Add _get_empty_handle() to return the dummy locale,
+	    with die_for_lookup_failures() properly set.  This replaces the
+	    $_EMPTY setting in the beginning of the file.
+	 8. Functions.pm: In the _get_handle() method added unset the
+	    key_encoding() before returning the language handle.
+	    key_encoding() is handled by Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions.
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext does not need to handle key_encoding().
+	    This is to follow the nature of functional API that
+	    key_encoding() should apply to all the following session in
+	    functional API.
+	 9. Gettext.pm and Functions.pm: In maketext(), stop playing magic
+	    with encoding() and key_encoding() that automatically encode()
+	    text back to key_encoding() when lookup fails.  The result is
+	    too unpredictable.  The application should specify which encoding
+	    they want themselves.
+
+2007-03-22	version 1.18
+	Fixes for Perl 5.9.  Locale::Maketext in Perl 5.9 does not set $@
+	as its error message.  Tests replying on $@ may fail for this.  But
+	I should check the return value of the eval{} block rather than	$@
+	anyway.
+	 1. t/*.t: Adition of $r as the return value of the eval{} blocks.
+	    Addition of "return 1;" to the eval{} blocks to specify the return
+	    values.  Changing tests "ok($@, "");" to "ok($r, 1);".  Changing
+	    tests "ok($@, qr/maketext doesn't know how to say/);" and
+	    "ok($@, qr/does not map to/);" to "ok($r, undef)".  This is to
+	    be refined.  It is necessary to test if it fails by our expected
+	    reason rather than only knowing that it fails.
+	 2. Update the version number of Locale::Maketext::Gettext to match
+	    the distribution version.
+
+2005-04-27	version 1.17
+	 1. Changes: Typo fixed.
+
+2005-04-26	version 1.16
+	Test suite fixes.
+	 1. 02-big-endian.t: In test 7, 8, $MOfile and $POfile are quoted
+	    when sending to the shell (backticks), to be safe to spaces and
+	    other special shell characters in their paths.
+	 2. 11-command-line.t: In all tests $maketext is quoted when sending
+	    to the shell (backticks), to be safe to spaces and other special
+	    shell characters in its path.  This should solve the CPAN tester
+	    failures 200029, 200332 and 200331.  Thanks to Max Maischein
+	    <corion@corion.net> for testing and reporting this.
+	 3. Changes: File edited to widen line limit from 60 columns to 79
+	    columns, to ease the reading.
+	 4. THANKS: Updated.
+
+2005-04-26	version 1.15
+	 1. SIGNATURE: Included Modules::Signature gpg signature file added.
+	 2. 00-signature.t: Added.
+
+2005-04-21	version 1.14
+	 1. maketext: Prototypes of the following subroutines are
+	    declared first now: main() and parse_args().
+
+2005-04-20	version 1.13
+	 1. Changes: Addition of new unencoded UTF-8 tests is appended to the
+	    change log.
+	 2. Changes: Addition of warning of key_encoding() is appended to the
+	    change log.
+	 3. Changes: Typo fixed: "Vesion" should be "Version".
+	 4. Changes: Typo fixed: 2005-04-10 should be 2005-04-20.
+
+2005-04-20	version 1.12
+	Documentation fixes.
+	 1. Update the copyright year on the updated files.
+	 2. Changes: Version number added.
+
+2005-04-19	version 1.11
+	 1. Gettext.pm: Using undef as encoding or key_encoding.  Methods
+	    encoding() and key_encoding() now check the number of arguments
+	    instead of the argument value.  When undef, the unencoded UTF-8
+	    text is returned.
+	 2. Gettext.pm: Prototype of subroutine read_mo() is declared first
+	    now.
+	 3. Gettext.pm: Deprecated subroutine readmo() is removed.
+	 4. Functions.pm: Prototypes of the following subroutines are declared
+	    first now: bindtextdomain(), textdomain(), get_handle(),
+	    maketext(), __(), N_(), dmaketext(), reload_text(), encoding(),
+	    key_encoding(), encode_failure(), die_for_lookup_failures(),
+	    _declare_class(), _catclass(), _init_textdomain(), _get_langs(),
+	    _get_handle(), _reset(), _new_rid(), _k() and _lang().
+	 5. 07-f-basic.t: Locale environment variables are cleared before
+	    running tests, to avoid confusion from the user's current locale.
+	 6. 10-f-switching.t: Locale environment variables are cleared before
+	    running tests, to avoid confusion from the user's current locale.
+	 7. Gettext.pm: Default KEY_ENCODING to US-ASCII.  It is always
+	    decoded to UTF-8 first when looked up in the _AUTO lexicon, to
+	    ensure that the resulted text is always in UTF-8.
+	 8. Gettext.pm: Avoid caching undefined MO file encoding when MO file
+	    is not available.
+	 9. Gettext.pm: New attribute "MO_ENCODING" is added to to record the
+	    encoding of the MO file.
+	10. Functions.pm: Default KEY_ENCODING to US-ASCII.  It is always
+	    decoded to UTF-8 first when looked up in the _AUTO lexicon, to
+	    ensure that the resulted text is always in UTF-8.
+	11. 04-encodings.t: Tests 28-33 added to test returning unencoded
+	    UTF-8 text.
+	12. 09-f-encodings.t: Tests 28-33 added to test returning unencoded
+	    UTF-8 text.
+	13. Gettext.pm: Warning is added to the use of key_encoding().
+	14. Functions.pm: Warning is added to the use of key_encoding().
+
+2005-04-05
+	 1. Gettext.pm: Subroutine attribute "method" is taged on the
+	    following methods: encoding(), key_encoding(), new(),
+	    subclass_init(), bindtextdomain(), textdomain(), maketext(),
+	    reload_text(), die_for_lookup_failures() and encode_failure().
+
+2003-05-12
+	 1. Gettext.pm: key_encoding applied to "not found" keys only, so that
+	    it can be looked up in their original encoding in the %Lexicon.
+
+2003-05-09	version 1.10
+	 1. Functions.pm: _get_handle: Fallback language handler changed from
+	    the failed language handler $FLH to the empty lexicon $_EMPTY.
+	    This has no real effect, since lookup failures are always handled
+	    by $FLH, but not the current language handler $LH.  But this
+	    matches the reality.
+
+2003-05-08
+	 1. Changes: typo (version 1.07 should be version 1.09)
+
+2003-05-07
+	 1. Changes: An excess blank line is removed.
+
+2003-05-07	version 1.09
+	Test suite fix.
+	 1. 02-big-endian.t: Fix on $MSGFMT so that it works on more
+	    platforms.
+
+2003-05-07	version 1.08
+	Fixes mistakes from version 1.07
+	 1. Return the interpreter line to the maketext script.  It was a
+	    misunderstanding at 1.07
+	 2. Content-Transfer-Encoding is fixed from 8bit to 7bit in the
+	    English MO files.
+	 3. t/test_native.po: Added.
+	 4. 02-big-endian.t: Test suite for native-built MO files are added.
+	    Please report your failures.
+
+2003-05-05	version 1.07
+	Bug fixes.
+	 1. Fix to the interpreter line in the maketext script so that it can
+	    be replaced with correct interpreter at make time.
+	 2. 11-command-line.t: script location changed from lib/maketext to
+	    blib/script/maketext.
+	 3. C locale is added to the test suite.
+	 4. 11-command-line.t: Locales en, zh_TW, zh_CN are remove from the
+	    test suite, to avoid perl warnings from  systems that did not
+	    install these locales.
+	 5. 11-command-line.t: $ENV{"LANGUAGE"} controls added.
+
+2003-05-04	version 1.06
+	 1. Language function override is not available for L::M::G::F and the
+	    maketext script.  I almost forgot this problem.  Notice is added
+	    to the documentation.  Suggestions are welcome.
+
+2003-05-03	version 1.06
+	Introducing "maketext", a command line interface to
+	Locale::Maketext::Gettext (and Locale::Maketext).
+	 1. The maketext script is added, a command line interface to
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext (and Locale::Maketext).
+
+2003-05-03	version 1.05
+	Test suites fixes.  This fixes the failures reported from CPAN
+	testers.  Failures reported from CPAN testers are caused by
+	Archive-Tar called by CPANPLUS, but not by Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+	itself.  Bug report concerning this problem is already submitted to
+	Archive-Tar.
+	 1. Test suite temporarily files test_dyn.mo are removed from
+	    MANIFEST.
+	 2. File::Copy is used instead of link in the test suites to enable
+	    tests on platforms that does not support hard links (Win32, for
+	    example).
+	 3. Temporarily files are cleaned up at the end of 05-switching.t and
+	    10-f-switching.t.
+	Upgrade is not required if you are using version 1.04.
+
+2003-05-02	version 1.04
+	 1. Support for MO files without encoding specified was added.  I
+	    don't know there are MO files born without its encoding. ^^;
+	 2. L::M::G::F: textdomain() now works for default system locale
+	    directories, too.  For domains that are not binded with
+	    bindtextdomain(), it searches the system locale directories to
+	    find the domain MO files.  Unlike textdomain() in L::M::G, it
+	    remembers the search result in order to build the index key.
+	 3. Tests for default system locale directory search are added.  It
+	    may be skipped, though.
+
+2003-05-02	version 1.03
+	 1. L::M::G: A algorism bug about key_encoding with auto-lexicon was
+	    fixed.
+	 2. L::M::G::F: I decide to give up mod_perl safety for encoding,
+	    key_encoding, encode_failure and die_for_lookup_failures().
+	    POSIX::setlocale() didn't solve this problem, either.  Use L::M::G
+	    if you need that.  Suggestions and solutions are welcome.
+	 3. L::M::G: FLH (Failure language handler) is added to
+	    help switching the die_for_lookup_failures() setting.
+	    Maketext can be slightly faster.
+
+2003-05-01
+	Labor's Day!
+	A Major rewrite to Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions.
+	 1. Packages are declared by a random class ID, instead of by its text
+	    domain previously, in order for a text domain to be redeclared
+	    with different sets of languages infinitely.  This solves the
+	    problem where languages cannot to be removed at run-time.  You can
+	    add/remove languages/MO files at run time now.  You can also
+	    bindtextdomain() to another directory after setting textdomain().
+	    This is not possible to the object interface of
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext (and Locale::Maketext).
+	 2. fork_and_test is removed from the test suite.  It does not seem to
+	    be required by the current random class ID system anymore.
+	 3. The used of ($t1..$t6) is replaced by ($_[0]..$_[5]) in to
+	    05-switching.t.
+	 4. Garbage collection is added.  Language handles associated with
+	    abandoned localization classes are dropped in time, in order to
+	    reduce memory used.
+
+2003-04-30
+	 1. L::M::G::F: I forgot to document dmaketext, too. ^^;
+	    But, no, I will not put a third release today!
+	 2. L::M::G::F: Fixes to documentation typos.
+	 3. maketext() and __() are exchanged.  maketext() is a wrapper to
+	    __() now.  The speed of __() should be slightly faster.
+
+2003-04-30	version 1.02
+	Documentation fixes.
+	 1. L::M::G::F: Documentation fixes.  get_handle was not included in
+	    the documentation. ^^;  I forgot to put it in.
+	 2. README was updated.  L::M::G::F is included in the README.  Also,
+	    the installation procedure is updated, too.  I forgot to update it
+	    last time.
+
+2003-04-30	version 1.01
+	Improvements to Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions.
+	 1. L::M::G::F: Documentation fixes.  Lots of errors sit there in the
+	    previous documentation.  It's impossible to work if you follow the
+	    previous documentation. ^^;  Ha ha...
+	 2. L::M::G: Map the language i-default to the locale C.
+	 3. L::M::G::F: Map the locale C to the language i-default.
+	 4. fork_and_test is added to the test suite to test without polluting
+	    the package space.  It is slow, though. ^^;
+	 5. L::M::G::F: Several test suites are added.
+	 6. L::M::G::F: Error tolerance is largely improved.
+	 7. L::M::G: New method subclass_init() is added.  Object
+	    initialization is moved from the new method to the subclass_init()
+	    method, so that another subclass may inherit it further.
+	 8. L::M::G::F: The "experimental" warning is removed.  Large amount of
+	    errors can be handled gracefully now.
+
+2003-04-28
+	 1. TestPkg/L10N.pm is renamed as T_L10N.pm.  It is neater.  A
+	    TestPkg/ subdirectory is not necessary.
+	 2. Change log is fixed.  I forgot to put the version number 0.07.
+	 3. Also, the version number should become 1.00, for the joining of
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions. ^_*'
+
+2003-04-28	version 0.07 (1.00)
+	Introducing Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions, a functional
+	interface to Locale::Maketext::Gettext.
+	 1. The first Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions is out.  It works!
+	    ^_*'  But it is still experimental.  It cannot deal with real
+	    world problems still. ^^;
+	 2. Documentation was fixed so that it is neater.
+
+2003-04-27
+	 1. The name of the _AUTO lexicon package is shorten to
+	    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_AUTO.
+	 2. Documentation rearrange.
+
+2003-04-27	version 0.06
+	Improvements.
+	 1. textdomain() works for default system locale directories now.  For
+	    domains that are not binded with bindtextdomain(), it searches the
+	    system locale directories to find the MO file.  No test suite is
+	    available for this functionality.  I cannot predict what MO files
+	    are available in your system locale directories. ^^;  Please
+	    report bugs if it does not work.
+	 2. Slave package Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_AUTO::L10N is added, in
+	    order to process the _AUTO Lexicon seperately.  This saves
+	    resources when user change the die_for_lookup_failures() setting.
+	    Changing die_for_lookup_failures() setting won't trigger copying
+	    and replacing your whole %Lexicon anymore.  As an effect, the
+	    cached compiled result of the _AUTO lexicon is preserved and the
+	    compilation overhead from Locale::Maketext is greatly reduced.
+	 3. read_mo() is added to retire the readmo().  Use of readmo() is
+	    deprecated.  This idea is inspired by the implementation of
+	    readmo() as "parse_mo" in Locale::Maketext::Lexicon by Autrijus.
+	    There is far too much meta infomation to be returned other than
+	    its encoding.  It's not possible to change the API for each new
+	    requirement.  To enable sharing of the algorithm used in read_mo()
+	    with whoever need it, it's necessary to limit its function to read
+	    and return the raw data, leaving all the other jobs to its caller.
+	 4. For the same reason, caching control is removed from read_mo(),
+	    too.  read_mo() read the MO file and return the %Lexicon only.  It
+	    really reads.  Nothing more. ^_*'
+
+2003-04-27	version 0.05
+	Bug and documentation fixes.
+	 1. New method key_encoding was added.  The _AUTO lexicon is itself
+	    not multibyte-safe.  You can specify the encoding of your keys if
+	    you are using non-ASCII keys.  This is not a solution, but a
+	    workaround.
+	 2. New method encode_failure was added.  The default action when
+	    encode fails changed from FB_CROAK to FB_DEFAULT.  I have changed
+	    my mind.  GNU gettext never fails.
+	 3. The paragraph about Locale::Maketext::Lexicon at the NOTES section
+	    in the documentation is updated.  The paragraph about msgunfmt is
+	    removed.
+	 4. The README file was updated.
+	 5. The strange line "exists ${"$class\::Lexicon"}{$key};" is removed.
+	    That problem seems to be solved.  It is not required anymore.
+
+2003-04-25	version 0.04
+	Documentation fixes.  Upgrade is not required if you are using version
+	0.03.
+
+2003-04-25	version 0.03
+	Bug fixes.
+	 1. Fixed clashing of the die_for_lookup_failures() setting from
+	    multiple instances.
+	 2. Change log is rewritten, to my own format.
+	 3. A new racing test suite is added.  The old racing test suite was
+	    renamed as t-switching.
+	 4. Redundant initialization of $LH->{"LOCALEDIRS"} in
+	    bindtextdomain() is removed.
+	 5. An old line at die_for_lookup_failures() which initialize a wrong
+	    $LH->{"LOCALE"} is removed.
+	 6. Removed 2 incorrect notice in the documentation.  There will not
+	    be infinite loops for bindtextdomain() and textdomain(), whatever
+	    value it takes.  Apparently I had made a mistake. ^^;
+	 7. Several typos in the comments are fixed.
+	 8. Sanity checks to the MO file is moved into readmo().  Cache now
+	    has a higher precedence than the sanity checks, which conforms
+	    with the global design.
+	 9. More documentation was added to the SYNOPSIS.
+	10. Sanity checks for whether a method is invoked as a static method
+	    are added.  Maketext use static variables.  We should not clash
+	    them.
+	11. As a result of the above, the maketext method is no more static.
+	    It is an instance method, meaning that MyPkg::L10N::en->maketext
+	    does not work anymore.
+	12. Instance lexicon is initialized in the new method.  I almost
+	    forgot it.  Thanks to the test suite. :p
+
+2003-04-25	version 0.02
+	Class/object design fixes.
+	 1. I did tell the difference from class variables to instance
+	    variables.  Forgive me, I had no experience with object-oriented
+	    programming at all, not even OO for perl. :p  Just a few Java
+	    books.  Anyway, the problem with clashing class variables is
+	    fixed.  Most class variables are moved into instance variables.
+	 2. Solved the default output encoding problem by using the encoding
+	    of the MO file as the default encoding.
+	 3. reload_text method is added to purge the MO file cache, so that
+	    applications do not need to be restarted when their MO file
+	    updates.
+         4. MO files of different byte orders are supported now.  Big-endian
+            MO files support is added.
+	 5. die_for_lookup_failures() method was added.  The default behavior
+	    changed to "never fails", as GNU gettext does.
+	 6. A test suite is added.
+
+2003-04-24	version 0.01

INSTALL

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+Locale-Maketext-Gettext Installation Guide
+
+* Table of Contents
+
+   * System Requirements
+   * Installation Instruction
+     ** Install with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+     ** Install with Module::Build
+     ** Install with the CPAN Shell
+     ** Install with the CPANPLUS Shell
+
+
+* System Requirements
+
+   1. Perl, version 5.8.0 or above.  Locale::Maketext::Gettext uses
+the utf8 text internally that is only available since 5.8.0.  You can
+run perl -v to see your current Perl version.  If you don't have
+Perl, or if you have an older version of Perl, you can download and
+install/upgrade it from Perl website.
+
+http://www.perl.com/
+
+      If you are using MS-Windows, you can download and install
+ActiveState ActivePerl.
+
+http://www.activestate.com/
+
+   2. Required Perl modules: None.
+
+   3. Optional Perl modules: None.
+
+
+* Installation Instruction
+
+** Install with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
+    arclog uses standard Perl installation with ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
+Follow these steps:
+
+    % perl Makefile.PL
+    % make
+    % make test
+    % make install
+
+    When running make install, make sure you have the priviledge to
+write to the installation location.  This usually requires the root
+priviledge.
+
+    If you are using ActivePerl under MS-Windows, you should use
+nmake instead of make. nmake can be obtained from the Microsoft FTP
+site.
+
+ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/nmake15.exe
+
+    If you want to install into another location, you can set the
+PREFIX.  For example, to install into your home when you are not
+root:
+
+    % perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/home/jessica
+
+    Refer to the docuemntation of ExtUtils::MakeMaker for more
+installation options (by running perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker).
+
+
+** Install with Module::Build
+
+    You can install with Module::Build instead, if you prefer.
+Follow these steps:
+
+    % perl Build.PL
+    % ./Build
+    % ./Build test
+    % ./Build install
+
+    When running ./Build install, make sure you have the priviledge to
+write to the installation location.  This usually requires the root
+priviledge.
+
+    If you want to install into another location, you can set the
+--prefix.  For example, to install into your home when you are not
+root:
+
+    % perl Build.PL --prefix=/home/jessica
+
+    Refer to the docuemntation of Module::Build for more
+installation options (by running perldoc Module::Build).
+
+
+** Install with the CPAN Shell
+
+    You can install with the CPAN shell, if you prefer.  CPAN shell
+takes care of ExtUtils::MakeMaker and Module::Build for you:
+
+    % cpan Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+    Make sure you have the priviledge to write to the installation
+location.  This usually requires the root priviledge.  Since CPAN
+shell 1.81 you can set "make_install_make_command" and
+"mbuild_install_build_command" in your CPAN configuration to switch
+to root just before install:
+
+    % cpan
+    cpan> o conf make_install_make_command "sudo make"
+    cpan> o conf mbuild_install_build_command "sudo ./Build"
+    cpan> install Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+    If you want to install into another location, you can set the
+"makepl_arg" and "mbuild_arg" in your CPAN configuration.  For
+example, to install into your home when you are not root:
+
+    % cpan
+    cpan> o conf makepl_arg "PREFIX=/home/jessica"
+    cpan> o conf mbuild_arg "--prefix=/home/jessica"
+    cpan> install Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+    Refer to the docuemntation of cpan for more CPAN shell commands
+(by running perldoc cpan).
+
+
+** Install with the CPANPLUS Shell
+
+    You can install with the CPANPLUS shell, if you prefer.  CPANPLUS
+shell takes care of ExtUtils::MakeMaker and Module::Build for you:
+
+    % cpanp -i Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+    Make sure you have the priviledge to write to the installation
+location.  This usually requires the root priviledge.
+
+    If you want to install into another location, you can set the
+"makemakerflags" and "buildflags" in your CPANPLUS configuration.
+For example, to install into your home when you are not root:
+
+    % cpanp
+    CPAN Terminal> s conf makemakerflags "PREFIX=/home/jessica"
+    CPAN Terminal> s conf buildflags "--prefix=/home/jessica"
+    CPAN Terminal> install Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+    Refer to the docuemntation of cpanp for more CPANPLUS shell
+commands (by running perldoc cpanp).
+
+
+imacat
+2008-11-11
+imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw
+http://www.imacat.idv.tw/

MANIFEST

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Artistic
+BUGS
+Build.PL
+Changes
+COPYING
+INSTALL
+lib/Locale/Maketext/Gettext.pm
+lib/Locale/Maketext/Gettext/Functions.pm
+Makefile.PL
+MANIFEST			This list of files
+META.yml
+README
+script/maketext
+SIGNATURE
+t/00-signature.t
+t/01-basic.t
+t/02-big-endian.t
+t/03-errors.t
+t/04-encodings.t
+t/05-switching.t
+t/06-racing.t
+t/07-f-basic.t
+t/08-f-errors.t
+t/09-f-encodings.t
+t/10-f-switching.t
+t/11-command-line.t
+t/99-pod.t
+t/locale/C/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/bad.mo
+t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test2.mo
+t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test_be.mo
+t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test_utf8.mo
+t/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+t/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/test_be.mo
+t/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/test_utf8.mo
+t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test2.mo
+t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test_be.mo
+t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test_utf8.mo
+t/T_L10N.pm
+THANKS
+TODO

META.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+--- #YAML:1.0
+name:               Locale-Maketext-Gettext
+version:            1.28
+abstract:           Joins gettext and Maketext frameworks
+author:
+    - imacat <imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+license:            perl
+distribution_type:  module
+configure_requires:
+    ExtUtils::MakeMaker:  0
+build_requires:
+    ExtUtils::MakeMaker:  0
+requires:  {}
+no_index:
+    directory:
+        - t
+        - inc
+generated_by:       ExtUtils::MakeMaker version 6.52
+meta-spec:
+    url:      http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.4.html
+    version:  1.4

Makefile.PL

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+require 5.008;
+use strict;
+use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
+
+# LICENSE is only availabe since ExtUtils::MakeMaker 6.30_01
+use vars qw(%license $eummver);
+%license = qw();
+$eummver = $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION;
+$eummver =~ s/_//;
+%license = (LICENSE => "perl") if $eummver > 6.30;
+
+WriteMakefile(
+    NAME        => "Locale-Maketext-Gettext",
+    VERSION     => "1.28",
+    ABSTRACT    => "Joins gettext and Maketext frameworks",
+    AUTHOR      => "imacat <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>",
+    %license,
+    PREREQ_PM   => { },
+    SIGN        => 1,
+    
+    EXE_FILES   => [ "script/maketext" ],
+    dist        => {
+        COMPRESS    => "gzip -9",
+        SUFFIX      => ".gz",
+    },
+    clean		=> {
+        FILES		=> "t/test_native.po t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test_native.mo",
+    },
+);
+
+__END__

README

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext - Joins the gettext and Maketext frameworks
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext joins the GNU gettext and Maketext
+frameworks.  It is a subclass of Locale::Maketext that follows the
+way GNU gettext works.  It works seamlessly, both in the sense of
+GNU gettext and Maketext.  As a result, you enjoy both their
+advantages, and get rid of both their problems, too.
+
+You start as an usual GNU gettext localization project:  Work on
+PO files with the help of translators, reviewers and Emacs.  Turn
+them into MO files with msgfmt.  Copy them into the appropriate
+locale directory, such as
+/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo.
+
+Then, build your Maketext localization class, with your base class
+changed from Locale::Maketext to Locale::Maketext::Gettext.  That's
+all. ^_*'
+
+
+* Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions is a functional
+interface to Locale::Maketext::Gettext (and Locale::Maketext).
+It works completely the GNU gettext way.  It plays magic to
+Locale::Maketext.  No more localization class/subclasses and language
+handles are required.
+
+
+* The maketext script
+
+The maketext script is a command-line interface to
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext (and Locale::Maketext).  It can be used in
+shell scripts, etc, to translate, maketext and return the
+result.  It enables Maketext to be integrated into other programming
+languages/systems, like bash/csh, python, PHP, C, etc.  It works
+like the command-line program gettext.
+
+
+* Installation
+
+    Read INSTALL for instructions on how to install
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext.
+
+
+* News, Changes and Updates
+
+    Refer to the Changes for changes, bug fixes, updates, new functions, etc.
+
+
+* Copyright
+
+Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+as Perl itself.

SIGNATURE

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+This file contains message digests of all files listed in MANIFEST,
+signed via the Module::Signature module, version 0.55.
+
+To verify the content in this distribution, first make sure you have
+Module::Signature installed, then type:
+
+    % cpansign -v
+
+It will check each file's integrity, as well as the signature's
+validity.  If "==> Signature verified OK! <==" is not displayed,
+the distribution may already have been compromised, and you should
+not run its Makefile.PL or Build.PL.
+
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+Hash: SHA1
+
+SHA1 be0627fff2e8aef3d2a14d5d7486babc8a4873ba Artistic
+SHA1 f044bfe71c57b6f25c659bc0a6067aa854bc8343 BUGS
+SHA1 7d6278e57e33472b167335a5435081f307f0dc70 Build.PL
+SHA1 8624bcdae55baeef00cd11d5dfcfa60f68710a02 COPYING
+SHA1 5863e86e8a20bbb63b3fd295520b861fa87db0c7 Changes
+SHA1 e9345adfeb32db567cd1be52f3f27307943a36bc INSTALL
+SHA1 c7d9c9b334b816e6f06473647cd9a054152a44c9 MANIFEST
+SHA1 39589ded15e1d09a79c41391392d249de3708f4a META.yml
+SHA1 ec92e11b76afaa05f67d83a6e32056505a45c99e Makefile.PL
+SHA1 b699f73f5fa33123b2f4f1b210665e295900c74d README
+SHA1 3db402b52e04cf5a6e60291c23aac8c16f2db810 THANKS
+SHA1 85dd5ac895cc0a5b95827060999578d8ce8d41dd TODO
+SHA1 f9deac7b12cc6a3cb18b7f5282f9e6a1e1a624b9 lib/Locale/Maketext/Gettext.pm
+SHA1 b88b6bad1e8cb0ba825594c233c006c1b297646f lib/Locale/Maketext/Gettext/Functions.pm
+SHA1 f89afd70fdcbaeeab44fada7ed3087d5c7f6f018 script/maketext
+SHA1 525f414c7a0aadc61240a4b0959ca2cda7514c75 t/00-signature.t
+SHA1 7bc2bf2d3ef2befd48a457fb3d90c7c7bdcc4854 t/01-basic.t
+SHA1 73ce1e3ba168373318655b3f4fbca1847e49fd75 t/02-big-endian.t
+SHA1 4b07656e4c35bfce793c96b59bb9ae2917be335e t/03-errors.t
+SHA1 8a28c721b5eefe607c300192c8cb8e8107f419be t/04-encodings.t
+SHA1 c16af7bbe1d9bd7ce8644c19f968231b94156c12 t/05-switching.t
+SHA1 0212e5b50d6886601b0a4ad82d3c656975009a73 t/06-racing.t
+SHA1 2ddb628b67ae35033fad4331c5323928d7dd7395 t/07-f-basic.t
+SHA1 a4491ef77b899c4988b8ab34fb8f945a8d06c285 t/08-f-errors.t
+SHA1 8fb7ecbce36daaf81ac9c197dab6834b25233cc5 t/09-f-encodings.t
+SHA1 2c1641cc6fff792fb83826486050acab23a1db51 t/10-f-switching.t
+SHA1 4afe4980e7ed4d326009b8257e01320abfb33d14 t/11-command-line.t
+SHA1 b85626024d610808bd0909989dcfb9fb20a40485 t/99-pod.t
+SHA1 97dad77dee7f751d09efdb6900b077d68c853d46 t/T_L10N.pm
+SHA1 676b87d7a8edc735ba676d2901827eb52532b418 t/locale/C/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+SHA1 80ca74a96bd6f83bd903ebfd021b87c9184582eb t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/bad.mo
+SHA1 676b87d7a8edc735ba676d2901827eb52532b418 t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+SHA1 fbd67646ebb39a99c1ab5aa985addd7f7ab27561 t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test2.mo
+SHA1 99b05048a1243bb75622a3c6e8a7c8e9f59a9151 t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test_be.mo
+SHA1 5d3e312b86526ebe164589b1f7fbf96f01823b0c t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/test_utf8.mo
+SHA1 42eece65e0ceae8267000b42692212c260a49b36 t/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+SHA1 746c06a73e4eb641eb006c90ed938c4b98cfc2ec t/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/test_be.mo
+SHA1 8db66e4035d1f55cd27186e02c0386709c2fc3d0 t/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/test_utf8.mo
+SHA1 6aa98d6675c91555309d58a93ff59cb205cbdd7b t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test.mo
+SHA1 bcc89cdc393507d51b5a76e40954db72914b60d8 t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test2.mo
+SHA1 20f810c6229d0bd4064b27f9b3d86b61a20f0821 t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test_be.mo
+SHA1 eb13887b005e3c3e9fab774dfea22de5c01ad1ef t/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/test_utf8.mo
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (GNU/Linux)
+
+iEYEARECAAYFAkpFc8MACgkQi9gubzC5S1w3kQCfY4bdMI9M6+sTT+y//sHibPDP
+LUUAnRvtrXrg1Tov/anLHx0Xur3TmAQQ
+=Au1F
+-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

THANKS

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Thanks to Sean M. Burke, for writing such a great localization framework as
+Locale::Maketext, especially for his ideas about the plural forms.
+
+Thanks to the GNU group, for writing such a great localization framework as
+GNU gettext, especially for the completeness and simplicity of its design.
+
+Thanks for Autrijus Tang <autrijus@autrijus.org> for writing
+Locale::Maketext::Lexicon.  It inspires me to import %Lexicon from other
+sources.  Also thanks for approving such a project that is a competition to
+his own Locale::Maketext::Lexicon. :p
+
+Thanks to Max Maischein <corion@corion.net> for reporting CPAN tester failures
+200029, 200332 and 200331, that helps me finding the shell character escaping
+problem on my test suite.
+
+Thanks to Andreas Koenig <andk@cpan.org> for reporting CPAN tester failures
+387357 and submitting rt bug 23956, informing me the base class
+Locale::Maketext has updated its error handling behavior in the Perl 5.9.
+
+Thanks to Chris Travers <chris.travers@gmail.com> for suggestion on
+implementing pgettext() in GNU gettext as pmaketext().
+
+Finally, well, :p thanks to Larry Wall, for writing such a
+great programming language, as Perl.

TODO

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Locale-Maketext-Gettext TODO list
+
+- Design a way for MO file installation through ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+  and Module::Build.

lib/Locale/Maketext/Gettext.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+# Locale::Maketext::Gettext - Joins the gettext and Maketext frameworks
+
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2009 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+# First written: 2003-04-23
+
+package Locale::Maketext::Gettext;
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext Exporter);
+use vars qw($VERSION @ISA %Lexicon @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK);
+$VERSION = 1.28;
+@EXPORT = qw(read_mo);
+@EXPORT_OK = @EXPORT;
+# Prototype declaration
+sub read_mo($);
+
+use Encode qw(encode decode FB_DEFAULT);
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile);
+no strict qw(refs);
+
+use vars qw(%Lexicons %ENCODINGS $REREAD_MO $MOFILE);
+$REREAD_MO = 0;
+$MOFILE = "";
+use vars qw(@SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS);
+@SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS = qw(/usr/share/locale /usr/lib/locale
+    /usr/local/share/locale /usr/local/lib/locale);
+
+# encoding: Set or retrieve the output encoding
+sub encoding : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my $self;
+    ($self, $_) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Set the output encoding
+    if (@_ > 1) {
+        if (defined $_) {
+            $self->{"ENCODING"} = $_;
+        } else {
+            delete $self->{"ENCODING"};
+        }
+        $self->{"USERSET_ENCODING"} = $_;
+    }
+    
+    # Return the encoding
+    return exists $self->{"ENCODING"}? $self->{"ENCODING"}: undef;
+}
+
+# key_encoding: Specify the encoding used in the keys
+sub key_encoding : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my $self;
+    ($self, $_) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Set the encoding used in the keys
+    if (@_ > 1) {
+        if (defined $_) {
+            $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"} = $_;
+        } else {
+            delete $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"};
+        }
+    }
+    
+    # Return the encoding
+    return exists $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"}? $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"}: undef;
+}
+
+# new: Initialize the language handler
+sub new : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $class);
+    $class = ref($_[0]) || $_[0];
+    $self = bless {}, $class;
+    $self->subclass_init;
+    $self->init;
+    return $self;
+}
+
+# subclass_init: Initialize at the subclass level, so that it can be
+#                inherited by calling $self->SUPER:subclass_init
+sub subclass_init : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $class);
+    $self = $_[0];
+    $class = ref($self);
+    # Initialize the instance lexicon
+    $self->{"Lexicon"} = {};
+    # Initialize the LOCALEDIRS registry
+    $self->{"LOCALEDIRS"} = {};
+    # Initialize the MO timestamp
+    $self->{"REREAD_MO"} = $REREAD_MO;
+    # Initialize the DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES setting
+    $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} = 0;
+    $self->SUPER::fail_with($self->can("failure_handler_auto"));
+    # Initialize the ENCODE_FAILURE setting
+    $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"} = FB_DEFAULT;
+    # Initialize the MOFILE value of this instance
+    $self->{"MOFILE"} = "";
+    ${"$class\::MOFILE"} = "" if !defined ${"$class\::MOFILE"};
+    # Find the locale name, for this subclass
+    $self->{"LOCALE"} = $class;
+    $self->{"LOCALE"} =~ s/^.*:://;
+    $self->{"LOCALE"} =~ s/(_)(.*)$/$1 . uc $2/e;
+    # Map i_default to C
+    $self->{"LOCALE"} = "C" if $self->{"LOCALE"} eq "i_default";
+    # Set the category.  Currently this is always LC_MESSAGES
+    $self->{"CATEGORY"} = "LC_MESSAGES";
+    # Default key encoding is US-ASCII
+    $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"} = "US-ASCII";
+    return;
+}
+
+# bindtextdomain: Bind a text domain to a locale directory
+sub bindtextdomain : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $DOMAIN, $LOCALEDIR);
+    ($self, $DOMAIN, $LOCALEDIR) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Return null for this rare case
+    return if   !defined $LOCALEDIR
+                && !exists ${$self->{"LOCALEDIRS"}}{$DOMAIN};
+    
+    # Register the DOMAIN and its LOCALEDIR
+    ${$self->{"LOCALEDIRS"}}{$DOMAIN} = $LOCALEDIR if defined $LOCALEDIR;
+    
+    # Return the registry
+    return ${$self->{"LOCALEDIRS"}}{$DOMAIN};
+}
+
+# textdomain: Set the current text domain
+sub textdomain : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $class, $DOMAIN, $LOCALEDIR, $MOfile);
+    ($self, $DOMAIN) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    # Find the class name
+    $class = ref($self);
+    
+    # Return the current domain
+    return $self->{"DOMAIN"} if !defined $DOMAIN;
+    
+    # Set the timestamp of this read in this instance
+    $self->{"REREAD_MO"} = $REREAD_MO;
+    # Set the current domain
+    $self->{"DOMAIN"} = $DOMAIN;
+    
+    # Clear it
+    $self->{"Lexicon"} = {};
+    %{"$class\::Lexicon"} = qw();
+    $self->{"MOFILE"} = "";
+    ${"$class\::MOFILE"} = "";
+    
+    # The format is "{LOCALEDIR}/{LOCALE}/{CATEGORY}/{DOMAIN}.mo"
+    # Search the system locale directories if the domain was not
+    # registered yet
+    if (!exists ${$self->{"LOCALEDIRS"}}{$DOMAIN}) {
+        undef $MOfile;
+        foreach $LOCALEDIR (@SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS) {
+            $_ = catfile($LOCALEDIR, $self->{"LOCALE"},
+                $self->{"CATEGORY"}, "$DOMAIN.mo");
+            if (-f $_ && -r $_) {
+                $MOfile = $_;
+                last;
+            }
+        }
+        # Not found at last
+        return $DOMAIN if !defined $MOfile;
+    
+    # This domain was registered
+    } else {
+        $MOfile = catfile(${$self->{"LOCALEDIRS"}}{$DOMAIN},
+            $self->{"LOCALE"}, $self->{"CATEGORY"}, "$DOMAIN.mo");
+    }
+    
+    # Record it
+    ${"$class\::MOFILE"} = $MOfile;
+    $self->{"MOFILE"} = $MOfile;
+    
+    # Read the MO file
+    # Cached
+    if (!exists $ENCODINGS{$MOfile} || !exists $Lexicons{$MOfile}) {
+        my $enc;
+        # Read it
+        %_ = read_mo($MOfile);
+        
+        # Successfully read
+        if (scalar(keys %_) > 0) {
+            # Decode it
+            # Find the encoding of that MO file
+            if ($_{""} =~ /^Content-Type: text\/plain; charset=(.*)$/im) {
+                $enc = $1;
+            # Default to US-ASCII
+            } else {
+                $enc = "US-ASCII";
+            }
+            # Set the current encoding to the encoding of the MO file
+            $_{$_} = decode($enc, $_{$_}) foreach keys %_;
+        }
+        
+        # Cache them
+        $Lexicons{$MOfile} = \%_;
+        $ENCODINGS{$MOfile} = $enc;
+    }
+    
+    # Respect the existing output encoding
+    if (defined $ENCODINGS{$MOfile}) {
+        $self->{"MO_ENCODING"} = $ENCODINGS{$MOfile};
+    } else {
+        delete $self->{"MO_ENCODING"};
+    }
+    # Respect the MO file encoding unless there is a user preferrence
+    if (!exists $self->{"USERSET_ENCODING"}) {
+        if (exists $self->{"MO_ENCODING"}) {
+            $self->{"ENCODING"} = $self->{"MO_ENCODING"};
+        } else {
+            delete $self->{"ENCODING"};
+        }
+    }
+    $self->{"Lexicon"} = $Lexicons{$MOfile};
+    %{"$class\::Lexicon"} = %{$Lexicons{$MOfile}};
+    $self->clear_isa_scan;
+    
+    return $DOMAIN;
+}
+
+# maketext: Encode after maketext
+sub maketext : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $key, @param, $class, $keyd);
+    ($self, $key, @param) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method - NOW
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    # Find the class name
+    $class = ref($self);
+    
+    # MO file should be re-read
+    if ($self->{"REREAD_MO"} < $REREAD_MO) {
+        $self->{"REREAD_MO"} = $REREAD_MO;
+        defined($_ = $self->textdomain) and $self->textdomain($_);
+    }
+    
+    # If the instance lexicon is changed.
+    # Maketext uses a class lexicon.  We have to copy the instance
+    #   lexicon into the class lexicon.  This is slow.  Mass memory
+    #   copy sucks.  Avoid create several language handles for a
+    #   single localization subclass whenever possible.
+    # Maketext uses class lexicon in order to track the inheritance.
+    #   It is hard to change it.
+    if (${"$class\::MOFILE"} ne $self->{"MOFILE"}) {
+        ${"$class\::MOFILE"} = $self->{"MOFILE"};
+        %{"$class\::Lexicon"} = %{$self->{"Lexicon"}};
+    }
+    
+    # Decode the source text
+    $keyd = $key;
+    $keyd = decode($self->{"KEY_ENCODING"}, $keyd, $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"})
+        if exists $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"} && !Encode::is_utf8($key);
+    # Maketext
+    $_ = $self->SUPER::maketext($keyd, @param);
+    # Output to the requested encoding
+    if (exists $self->{"ENCODING"}) {
+        $_ = encode($self->{"ENCODING"}, $_, $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"});
+    # Pass through the empty/invalid lexicon
+    } elsif (   scalar(keys %{$self->{"Lexicon"}}) == 0
+                && exists $self->{"KEY_ENCODING"}
+                && !Encode::is_utf8($key)) {
+        $_ = encode($self->{"KEY_ENCODING"}, $_, $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"});
+    }
+    
+    return $_;
+}
+
+# pmaketext: Maketext with context
+sub pmaketext : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $ctxt, $key, @param);
+    ($self, $ctxt, $key, @param) = @_;
+    # This is not a static method - NOW
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    # This is actually a wrapper to the maketext() method
+    return $self->maketext("$ctxt\x04$key", @param);
+}
+
+# read_mo: Subroutine to read and parse the MO file
+#          Refer to gettext documentation section 8.3
+sub read_mo($) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($MOfile, $len, $FH, $content, $tmpl);
+    $MOfile = $_[0];
+    
+    # Avild being stupid
+    return unless -f $MOfile && -r $MOfile;
+    # Read the MO file
+    $len = (stat $MOfile)[7];
+    open $FH, $MOfile   or return;  # GNU gettext never fails!
+    binmode $FH;
+    defined($_ = read $FH, $content, $len)
+                        or return;
+    close $FH           or return;
+    
+    # Find the byte order of the MO file creator
+    $_ = substr($content, 0, 4);
+    # Little endian
+    if ($_ eq "\xde\x12\x04\x95") {
+    	$tmpl = "V";
+    # Big endian
+    } elsif ($_ eq "\x95\x04\x12\xde") {
+        $tmpl = "N";
+    # Wrong magic number.  Not a valid MO file.
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    # Check the MO format revision number
+    $_ = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, 4, 4);
+    # There is only one revision now: revision 0.
+    return if $_ > 0;
+    
+    my ($num, $offo, $offt);
+    # Number of messages
+    $num = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, 8, 4);
+    # Offset to the beginning of the original messages
+    $offo = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, 12, 4);
+    # Offset to the beginning of the translated messages
+    $offt = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, 16, 4);
+    %_ = qw();
+    for ($_ = 0; $_ < $num; $_++) {
+        my ($len, $off, $stro, $strt);
+        # The first word is the length of the message
+        $len = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, $offo+$_*8, 4);
+        # The second word is the offset of the message
+        $off = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, $offo+$_*8+4, 4);
+        # Original message
+        $stro = substr($content, $off, $len);
+        
+        # The first word is the length of the message
+        $len = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, $offt+$_*8, 4);
+        # The second word is the offset of the message
+        $off = unpack $tmpl, substr($content, $offt+$_*8+4, 4);
+        # Translated message
+        $strt = substr($content, $off, $len);
+        
+        # Hash it
+        $_{$stro} = $strt;
+    }
+    
+    return %_;
+}
+
+# reload_text: Method to purge the lexicon cache
+sub reload_text : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    
+    # Purge the text cache
+    %Lexicons = qw();
+    %ENCODINGS = qw();
+    $REREAD_MO = time;
+    
+    return;
+}
+
+# fail_with: A wrapper to the fail_with() of Locale::Maketext, in order
+#   to record the preferred failure handler of the user, so that
+#   die_for_lookup_failures() knows where to return to.
+sub fail_with : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my $self;
+    ($self, $_) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Set the current setting
+    if (@_ > 1) {
+        if (defined $_) {
+            $self->{"USERSET_FAIL"} = $_;
+            $self->SUPER::fail_with($_) if $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"};
+        } else {
+            delete $self->{"USERSET_FAIL"};
+            delete $self->{"fail"} if $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"};
+        }
+    }
+    
+    # Return the current setting
+    return exists $self->{"USERSET_FAIL"}? $self->{"USERSET_FAIL"}: undef;
+}
+
+# die_for_lookup_failures: Whether we should die for lookup failure
+#   The default is no.  GNU gettext never fails.
+sub die_for_lookup_failures : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my $self;
+    ($self, $_) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Set the current setting
+    if (@_ > 1) {
+        if ($_) {
+            $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} = 1;
+            if (exists $self->{"USERSET_FAIL"}) {
+                $self->{"fail"} = $self->{"USERSET_FAIL"};
+            } else {
+                delete $self->{"fail"};
+            }
+        } else {
+            $self->SUPER::fail_with($self->can("failure_handler_auto"));
+            $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    # Return the current setting
+    return exists $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"}?
+        $self->{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"}: undef;
+}
+
+# encode_failure: What to do if the text is out of your output encoding
+#   Refer to Encode on possible values of this check
+sub encode_failure : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my $self;
+    ($self, $_) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Specify the action used in the keys
+    $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"} = $_ if @_ > 1;
+    
+    # Return the encoding
+    return $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"} if exists $self->{"ENCODE_FAILURE"};
+    return undef;
+}
+
+# failure_handler_auto: Our local version of failure_handler_auto(),
+#   Copied and rewritten from Locale::Maketext, with bug#33938 patch applied.
+#   See http://rt.perl.org/rt3//Public/Bug/Display.html?id=33938
+sub failure_handler_auto : method {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($self, $key, @param, $r);
+    ($self, $key, @param) = @_;
+    
+    # This is not a static method
+    return if ref($self) eq "";
+    
+    # Remove the context
+    # We assume there is no one using EOF either in the context or message.
+    # That does not work in GNU gettext, anyway.
+    $key =~ s/^[^\x04]*\x04//;
+    
+    $self->{"failure_lex"} = {} if !exists $self->{"failure_lex"};
+    ${$self->{"failure_lex"}}{$key} = $self->_compile($key)
+        if !exists ${$self->{"failure_lex"}}{$key};
+    $_ = ${$self->{"failure_lex"}}{$key};
+    
+    # A scalar result
+    return $$_ if ref($_) eq "SCALAR";
+    return $_ unless ref($_) eq "CODE";
+    # A compiled subroutine
+    {
+        local $SIG{"__DIE__"};
+        $r = eval {
+            $_ = &$_($self, @param);
+            return 1;
+        };
+    }
+    
+    # If we make it here, there was an exception thrown in the
+    #  call to $value, and so scream:
+    if (!defined $r) {
+        $_ = $@;
+        # pretty up the error message
+        s<\s+at\s+\(eval\s+\d+\)\s+line\s+(\d+)\.?\n?>
+            <\n in bracket code [compiled line $1],>s;
+        Carp::croak "Error in maketexting \"$key\":\n$_ as used";
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    # OK
+    return $_;
+}
+
+return 1;
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext - Joins the gettext and Maketext frameworks
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+In your localization class:
+
+  package MyPackage::L10N;
+  use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+  return 1;
+
+In your application:
+
+  use MyPackage::L10N;
+  $LH = MyPackage::L10N->get_handle or die "What language?";
+  $LH->bindtextdomain("mypackage", "/home/user/locale");
+  $LH->textdomain("mypackage");
+  $LH->maketext("Hello, world!!");
+
+If you want to have more control to the detail:
+
+  # Change the output encoding
+  $LH->encoding("UTF-8");
+  # Stick with the Maketext behavior on lookup failures
+  $LH->die_for_lookup_failures(1);
+  # Flush the MO file cache and re-read your updated MO files
+  $LH->reload_text;
+  # Set the encoding of your maketext keys, if not in English
+  $LH->key_encoding("Big5");
+  # Set the action when encode fails
+  $LH->encode_failure(Encode::FB_HTMLCREF);
+
+Use Locale::Maketext::Gettext to read and parse the MO file:
+
+  use Locale::Maketext::Gettext;
+  %Lexicon = read_mo($MOfile);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext joins the GNU gettext and Maketext
+frameworks.  It is a subclass of L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>
+that follows the way GNU gettext works.  It works seamlessly, I<both
+in the sense of GNU gettext and Maketext>.  As a result, you I<enjoy
+both their advantages, and get rid of both their problems, too.>
+
+You start as an usual GNU gettext localization project:  Work on
+PO files with the help of translators, reviewers and Emacs.  Turn
+them into MO files with F<msgfmt>.  Copy them into the appropriate
+locale directory, such as
+F</usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/myapp.mo>.
+
+Then, build your Maketext localization class, with your base class
+changed from L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> to
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext.  That is all.
+
+=head1 METHODS
+
+=over
+
+=item $LH->bindtextdomain(DOMAIN, LOCALEDIR)
+
+Register a text domain with a locale directory.  Returns C<LOCALEDIR>
+itself.  If C<LOCALEDIR> is omitted, the registered locale directory
+of C<DOMAIN> is returned.  This method always success.
+
+=item $LH->textdomain(DOMAIN)
+
+Set the current text domain.  Returns the C<DOMAIN> itself.  If
+C<DOMAIN> is omitted, the current text domain is returned.  This
+method always success.
+
+=item $text = $LH->maketext($key, @param...)
+
+Lookup the $key in the current lexicon and return a translated
+message in the language of the user.  This is the same method in
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>, with a wrapper that
+returns the text message C<encode>d according to the current
+C<encoding>.  Refer to L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> for
+the maketext plural notation.
+
+=item $text = $LH->pmaketext($ctxt, $key, @param...)
+
+Lookup the $key in a particular context in the current lexicon and
+return a translated message in the language of the user.   Use
+"--keyword=pmaketext:1c,2" for the xgettext utility.
+
+=item $LH->language_tag
+
+Retrieve the language tag.  This is the same method in
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>.  It is readonly.
+
+=item $LH->encoding(ENCODING)
+
+Set or retrieve the output encoding.  The default is the same
+encoding as the gettext MO file.  You can specify C<undef>, to return
+the result in unencoded UTF-8.
+
+=item $LH->key_encoding(ENCODING)
+
+Specify the encoding used in your original text.  The C<maketext>
+method itself is not multibyte-safe to the _AUTO lexicon.  If you are
+using your native non-English language as your original text and you
+are having troubles like:
+
+Unterminated bracket group, in:
+
+Then, specify the C<key_encoding> to the encoding of your original
+text.  Returns the current setting.
+
+B<WARNING:> You should always use US-ASCII text keys.  Using
+non-US-ASCII keys is always discouraged and is not guaranteed to
+be working.
+
+=item $LH->encode_failure(CHECK)
+
+Set the action when encode fails.  This happens when the output text
+is out of the scope of your output encoding.  For exmaple, output
+Chinese into US-ASCII.  Refer to L<Encode(3)|Encode/3> for the
+possible values of this C<CHECK>.  The default is C<FB_DEFAULT>,
+which is a safe choice that never fails.  But part of your text may
+be lost, since that is what C<FB_DEFAULT> does.  Returns the current
+setting.
+
+=item $LH->die_for_lookup_failures(SHOULD_I_DIE)
+
+Maketext dies for lookup failures, but GNU gettext never fails.
+By default Lexicon::Maketext::Gettext follows the GNU gettext
+behavior.  But if you are Maketext-styled, or if you need a better
+control over the failures (like me :p), set this to 1.  Returns the
+current setting.
+
+Note that lookup failure handler you registered with fail_with() only
+work when die_for_lookup_failures() is enabled.  if you disable
+die_for_lookup_failures(), maketext() never fails and lookup failure
+handler will be ignored.
+
+=item $LH->reload_text
+
+Purge the MO text cache.  It purges the MO text cache from the base
+class Locale::Maketext::Gettext.  The next time C<maketext> is
+called, the MO file will be read and parse from the disk again.  This
+is used when your MO file is updated, but you cannot shutdown and
+restart the application.  For example, when you are a co-hoster on a
+mod_perl-enabled Apache, or when your mod_perl-enabled Apache is too
+vital to be restarted for every update of your MO file, or if you
+are running a vital daemon, such as an X display server.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+=over
+
+=item %Lexicon = read_mo($MOfile);
+
+Read and parse the MO file.  Returns the read %Lexicon.  The returned
+lexicon is in its original encoding.
+
+If you need the meta infomation of your MO file, parse the entry
+C<$Lexicon{""}>.  For example:
+
+  /^Content-Type: text\/plain; charset=(.*)$/im;
+  $encoding = $1;
+
+C<read_mo()> is exported by default, but you need to C<use
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext> in order to use it.  It is not exported
+from your localization class, but from the Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+package.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 NOTES
+
+B<WARNING:> do not try to put any lexicon in your language subclass.
+When the C<textdomain> method is called, the current lexicon will be
+B<replaced>, but not appended.  This is to accommodate the way
+C<textdomain> works.  Messages from the previous text domain should
+not stay in the current text domain.
+
+An essential benefit of this Locale::Maketext::Gettext over the
+original L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> is that: 
+I<GNU gettext is multibyte safe,> but Perl source is not.  GNU gettext
+is safe to Big5 characters like \xa5\x5c (Gong1).  But if you follow
+the current L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> document and
+put your lexicon as a hash in the source of a localization subclass,
+you have to escape bytes like \x5c, \x40, \x5b, etc., in the middle
+of some natural multibyte characters.  This breaks these characters
+in halves.  Your non-technical translators and reviewers will be
+presented with unreadable mess, "Luan4Ma3".  Sorry to say this, but
+it is weird for a localization framework to be not multibyte-safe.
+But, well, here comes Locale::Maketext::Gettext to rescue.  With
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext, you can sit back and relax now, leaving
+all this mess to the excellent GNU gettext framework.
+
+The idea of Locale::Maketext::Getttext came from
+L<Locale::Maketext::Lexicon(3)|Locale::Maketext::Lexicon/3>, a great
+work by Autrijus.  But it has several problems at that time (version
+0.16).  I was first trying to write a wrapper to fix it, but finally
+I dropped it and decided to make a solution towards
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> itself.
+L<Locale::Maketext::Lexicon(3)|Locale::Maketext::Lexicon/3> should be
+fine now if you obtain a version newer than 0.16.
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext also solved the problem of lack of the
+ability to handle the encoding in
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>.  I implement this since
+this is what GNU gettext does.  When %Lexicon is read from MO files
+by C<read_mo()>, the encoding tagged in gettext MO files is used to
+C<decode> the text into the internal encoding of Perl.  Then, when
+extracted by C<maketext>, it is C<encode>d by the current
+C<encoding> value.  The C<encoding> can be set at run time, so
+that you can run a daemon and output to different encoding
+according to the language settings of individual users, without
+having to restart the application.  This is an improvement to the
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>, and is essential to
+daemons and C<mod_perl> applications.
+
+You should trust the encoding of your gettext MO file.  GNU gettext
+C<msgfmt> checks the illegal characters for you when you compile your
+MO file from your PO file.  The encoding form your MO files are
+always good.  If you try to output to a wrong encoding, part of your
+text may be lost, as C<FB_DEFAULT> does.  If you do not like this
+C<FB_DEFAULT>, change the failure behavior with the method
+C<encode_failure>.
+
+If you need the behavior of auto Traditional Chinese/Simplfied
+Chinese conversion, as GNU gettext smartly does, do it yourself with
+L<Encode::HanExtra(3)|Encode::HanExtra/3>, too.  There may be a
+solution for this in the future, but not now.
+
+If you set C<textdomain> to a domain that is not C<bindtextdomain> to
+specific a locale directory yet, it will try search system locale
+directories.  The current system locale directory search order is:
+/usr/share/locale, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/local/share/locale,
+/usr/local/lib/locale.  Suggestions for this search order are
+welcome.
+
+B<NOTICE:> I<MyPackage::L10N::en-E<gt>maketext(...) is not available
+anymore,> as the C<maketext> method is no more static.  That is a
+sure result, as %Lexicon is imported from foreign sources
+dynamically, but not statically hardcoded in Perl sources.  But the
+documentation of L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> does not
+say that you can use it as a static method anyway.  Maybe you were
+practicing this before.  You had better check your existing code for
+this.  If you try to invoke it statically, it returns C<undef>.
+
+C<dgettext> and C<dcgettext> in GNU gettext are not implemented.
+It is not possible to temporarily change the current text domain in
+the current design of Locale::Maketext::Gettext.  Besides, it is
+meaningless.  Locale::Maketext is object-oriented.  You can always
+raise a new language handle for another text domain.  This is
+different from the situation of GNU gettext.  Also, the category
+is always C<LC_MESSAGES>.  Of course it is.  We are gettext and
+Maketext.
+
+Avoid creating different language handles with different
+textdomain on the same localization subclass.  This currently
+works, but it violates the basic design of 
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>.  In
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>, %Lexicon is saved as a
+class variable, in order for the lexicon inheritance system to work.
+So, multiple language handles to a same localization subclass shares
+a same lexicon space.  Their lexicon space clash.  I tried to avoid
+this problem by saving a copy of the current lexicon as an instance
+variable, and replacing the class lexicon with the current instance
+lexicon whenever it is changed by another language handle instance.
+But this involves large scaled memory copy, which affects the
+proformance seriously.  This is discouraged.  You are adviced to use
+a single textdomain for a single localization class.
+
+The C<key_encoding> is a workaround, not a solution.  There is no
+solution to this problem yet.  You should avoid using non-English
+language as your original text.  You will get yourself into trouble
+if you mix several original text encodings, for example, joining
+several pieces of code from programmers all around the world, with
+their messages written in their own language and encodings.  Solution
+suggestions are welcome.
+
+C<pgettext> in GNU gettext is implemented as C<pmaketext>, in order
+to look up the text message translation in a particular context.
+Thanks to the suggestion from Chris Travers.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+GNU gettext never fails.  I tries to achieve it as long as possible.
+The only reason that maketext may die unexpectedly now is
+"Unterminated bracket group".  I cannot get a better solution to it
+currently.  Suggestions are welcome.
+
+You are welcome to fix my English.  I have done my best to this
+documentation, but I am not a native English speaker after all. ^^;
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::TPJ13(3)|Locale::Maketext::TPJ13/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::Lexicon(3)|Locale::Maketext::Lexicon/3>,
+L<Encode(3)|Encode/3>, L<bindtextdomain(3)|bindtextdomain/3>,
+L<textdomain(3)|textdomain/3>.  Also, please refer to the official GNU
+gettext manual at L<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/>.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+imacat <imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+as Perl itself.
+
+=cut

lib/Locale/Maketext/Gettext/Functions.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,781 @@
+# Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions - Functional interface to Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+# First written: 2003-04-28
+
+package Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use base qw(Exporter);
+use vars qw($VERSION @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK);
+$VERSION = 0.13;
+@EXPORT = qw();
+push @EXPORT, qw(bindtextdomain textdomain get_handle maketext __ N_);
+push @EXPORT, qw(dmaketext pmaketext dpmaketext);
+push @EXPORT, qw(reload_text read_mo encoding key_encoding encode_failure);
+push @EXPORT, qw(die_for_lookup_failures);
+@EXPORT_OK = @EXPORT;
+# Prototype declaration
+sub bindtextdomain($;$);
+sub textdomain(;$);
+sub get_handle(@);
+sub maketext(@);
+sub __(@);
+sub N_(@);
+sub dmaketext($$@);
+sub pmaketext($$@);
+sub dpmaketext($$$@);
+sub reload_text();
+sub encoding(;$);
+sub key_encoding(;$);
+sub encode_failure(;$);
+sub die_for_lookup_failures(;$);
+sub _declare_class($);
+sub _catclass(@);
+sub _init_textdomain($);
+sub _get_langs($$);
+sub _get_handle();
+sub _get_empty_handle();
+sub _reset();
+sub _new_rid();
+sub _k($);
+sub _lang($);
+
+use Encode qw(encode decode from_to FB_DEFAULT);
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use Locale::Maketext::Gettext qw(read_mo);
+use vars qw(%LOCALEDIRS %RIDS %CLASSES %LANGS);
+use vars qw(%LHS $_EMPTY $LH $DOMAIN $CATEGORY $CLASSBASE @LANGS %PARAMS);
+use vars qw(@SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS);
+%LHS = qw();
+# The category is always LC_MESSAGES
+$CATEGORY = "LC_MESSAGES";
+$CLASSBASE = "Locale::Maketext::Gettext::_runtime";
+# Current language parameters
+@LANGS = qw();
+@SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS = @Locale::Maketext::Gettext::SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS;
+%PARAMS = qw();
+$PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"} = "US-ASCII";
+$PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"} = FB_DEFAULT;
+$PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} = 0;
+# Parameters for random class IDs
+use vars qw($RID_LEN @RID_CHARS);
+$RID_LEN = 8;
+@RID_CHARS = split //,
+    "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+# bindtextdomain: Bind a text domain to a locale directory
+sub bindtextdomain($;$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($domain, $LOCALEDIR);
+    ($domain, $LOCALEDIR) = @_;
+    # Return the current registry
+    return (exists $LOCALEDIRS{$domain}? $LOCALEDIRS{$domain}: undef)
+        if !defined $LOCALEDIR;
+    # Register the locale directory
+    $LOCALEDIRS{$domain} = $LOCALEDIR;
+    # Reinitialize the text domain
+    _init_textdomain($domain);
+    # Reset the current language handle
+    _get_handle() if defined $DOMAIN && $domain eq $DOMAIN;
+    # Return the locale directory
+    return $LOCALEDIR;
+}
+
+# textdomain: Set the current text domain
+sub textdomain(;$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($new_domain);
+    $new_domain = $_[0];
+    # Return the current text domain
+    return $DOMAIN if !defined $new_domain;
+    # Set the current text domain
+    $DOMAIN = $new_domain;
+    # Reinitialize the text domain
+    _init_textdomain($DOMAIN);
+    # Reset the current language handle
+    _get_handle();
+    return $DOMAIN;
+}
+
+# get_handle: Get a language handle
+sub get_handle(@) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    # Register the current get_handle arguments
+    @LANGS = @_;
+    # Reset and return the current language handle
+    return _get_handle();
+}
+
+# maketext: Maketext, in its long name
+#   Use @ instead of $@ in prototype, so that we can pass @_ to it.
+sub maketext(@) {
+    return __($_[0], @_[1..$#_]);
+}
+
+# __: Maketext, in its shortcut name
+#   Use @ instead of $@ in prototype, so that we can pass @_ to it.
+sub __(@) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($key, @param, $keyd);
+    ($key, @param) = @_;
+    # Reset the current language handle if it is not set yet
+    _get_handle() if !defined $LH;
+    
+    # Decode the source text
+    $keyd = $key;
+    $keyd = decode($PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"}, $keyd, $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"})
+        if exists $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"} && !Encode::is_utf8($key);
+    # Maketext
+    $_ = $LH->maketext($keyd, @param);
+    # Output to the requested encoding
+    if (exists $PARAMS{"ENCODING"}) {
+        $_ = encode($PARAMS{"ENCODING"}, $_, $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"});
+    # Pass through the empty/invalid lexicon
+    } elsif (   scalar(keys %{$LH->{"Lexicon"}}) == 0
+                && exists $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"}
+                && !Encode::is_utf8($key)) {
+        $_ = encode($PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"}, $_, $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"});
+    }
+    
+    return $_;
+}
+
+# N_: Return the original text untouched, so that it can be catched
+#     with xgettext
+#   Use @ instead of $@ in prototype, so that we can pass @_ to it.
+sub N_(@) {
+    # Watch out for this Perl magic! :p
+    return $_[0] unless wantarray;
+    return @_;
+}
+
+# dmaketext: Maketext in another text domain temporarily,
+#            an equivalent to dgettext().
+sub dmaketext($$@) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($domain, $key, @param, $lh0, $domain0, $text);
+    ($domain, $key, @param) = @_;
+    # Preserve the current status
+    ($lh0, $domain0) = ($LH, $DOMAIN);
+    # Reinitialize the text domain
+    textdomain($domain);
+    # Maketext
+    $text = maketext($key, @param);
+    # Return the current status
+    ($LH, $DOMAIN) = ($lh0, $domain0);
+    # Return the "made text"
+    return $text;
+}
+
+# pmaketext: Maketext with context,
+#            an equivalent to pgettext().
+sub pmaketext($$@) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($ctxt, $key, @param);
+    ($ctxt, $key, @param) = @_;
+    # This is actually a wrapper to the maketext() function
+    return maketext("$ctxt\x04$key", @param);
+}
+
+# dpmaketext: Maketext with context in another text domain temporarily,
+#             an equivalent to dpgettext().
+sub dpmaketext($$$@) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($domain, $ctxt, $key, @param);
+    ($domain, $ctxt, $key, @param) = @_;
+    # This is actually a wrapper to the dmaketext() function
+    return dmaketext($domain, "$ctxt\x04$key", @param);
+}
+
+# reload_text: Purge the lexicon cache
+sub reload_text() {
+    # reload_text is static.
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext->reload_text;
+}
+
+# encoding: Set the output encoding
+sub encoding(;$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    $_ = $_[0];
+    
+    # Set the output encoding
+    if (@_ > 0) {
+        if (defined $_) {
+            $PARAMS{"ENCODING"} = $_;
+        } else {
+            delete $PARAMS{"ENCODING"};
+        }
+        $PARAMS{"USERSET_ENCODING"} = $_;
+    }
+    
+    # Return the encoding
+    return exists $PARAMS{"ENCODING"}? $PARAMS{"ENCODING"}: undef;
+}
+
+# key_encoding: Set the encoding of the original text
+sub key_encoding(;$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    $_ = $_[0];
+    
+    # Set the encoding used in the keys
+    if (@_ > 0) {
+        if (defined $_) {
+            $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"} = $_;
+        } else {
+            delete $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"};
+        }
+    }
+    
+    # Return the encoding
+    return exists $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"}? $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"}: undef;
+}
+
+# encode_failure: What to do if the text is out of your output encoding
+#   Refer to Encode on possible values of this check
+sub encode_failure(;$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    $_ = $_[0];
+    # Set and return the current setting
+    $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"} = $_ if @_ > 0;
+    # Return the current setting
+    return $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"};
+}
+
+# die_for_lookup_failures: Whether we should die for lookup failure
+#   The default is no.  GNU gettext never fails.
+sub die_for_lookup_failures(;$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    $_ = $_[0];
+    # Set the current setting
+    if (@_ > 0) {
+        $PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} = $_? 1: 0;
+        $LH->die_for_lookup_failures($PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"});
+    }
+    # Return the current setting
+    # Resetting the current language handle is not required
+    # Lookup failures are handled by the fail handler directly
+    return $PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"};
+}
+
+# _declare_class: Declare a class
+sub _declare_class($) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    $_ = $_[0];
+    eval << "EOT";
+package $_[0];
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+use vars qw(\@ISA %Lexicon);
+EOT
+}
+
+# _catclass: Catenate the class name
+sub _catclass(@) {
+    return join("::", @_);;
+}
+
+# _init_textdomain: Initialize a text domain
+sub _init_textdomain($) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($domain, $k, @langs, $langs);
+    $domain = $_[0];
+    
+    # Return if text domain not specified yet
+    return if !defined $domain;
+    
+    # Obtain the available locales
+    # A binded domain
+    if (exists $LOCALEDIRS{$domain}) {
+        @langs = _get_langs($LOCALEDIRS{$domain}, $domain);
+    # Not binded
+    } else {
+        @langs = qw();
+        # Search the system locale directories
+        foreach (@SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS) {
+            @langs = _get_langs($_, $domain);
+            # Domain not found in this directory
+            next if @langs == 0;
+            $LOCALEDIRS{$domain} = $_;
+            last;
+        }
+        # Not found at last
+        return if !exists $LOCALEDIRS{$domain};
+    }
+    $langs = join ",", sort @langs;
+    
+    # Obtain the registry key
+    $k = _k($domain);
+    
+    # Available language list remains for this domain
+    return if exists $LANGS{$k} && $LANGS{$k} eq $langs;
+    # Register this new language list
+    $LANGS{$k} = $langs;
+    
+    my ($rid, $class);
+    # Garbage collection - drop abandoned language handles
+    if (exists $CLASSES{$k}) {
+        delete $LHS{$_} foreach grep /^$CLASSES{$k}/, keys %LHS;
+    }
+    # Get a new class ID
+    $rid = _new_rid();
+    # Obtain the class name
+    $class = _catclass($CLASSBASE, $rid);
+    # Register the domain with this class
+    $CLASSES{$k} = $class;
+    # Declare this class
+    _declare_class($class);
+    # Declare its language subclasses
+    _declare_class(_catclass($class, $_))
+        foreach @langs;
+    
+    return;
+}
+
+# _get_langs: Search a locale directory and return the available languages
+sub _get_langs($$) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($dir, $domain, $DH, $entry, $MOfile);
+    ($dir, $domain) = @_;
+    
+    @_ = qw();
+    {
+        opendir $DH, $dir   or last;
+        while (defined($entry = readdir $DH)) {
+            # Skip hidden entries
+            next if $entry =~ /^\./;
+            # Skip non-directories
+            next unless -d catdir($dir, $entry);
+            # Skip locales with dot "." (trailing encoding)
+            next if $entry =~ /\./;
+            # Get the MO file name
+            $MOfile = catfile($dir, $entry, $CATEGORY, "$domain.mo");
+            # Skip if MO file is not available for this locale
+            next if ! -f $MOfile && ! -r $MOfile;
+            # Map C to i_default
+            $entry = "i_default" if $entry eq "C";
+            # Add this language
+            push @_, lc $entry;
+        }
+        close $DH           or last;
+    }
+    return @_;
+}
+
+# _get_handle: Set the language handle with the current DOMAIN and @LANGS
+sub _get_handle() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($k, $class, $subclass);
+    
+    # Lexicon empty if text domain not specified, or not binded yet
+    return _get_empty_handle if !defined $DOMAIN || !exists $LOCALEDIRS{$DOMAIN};
+    # Obtain the registry key
+    $k = _k($DOMAIN);
+    # Lexicon empty if text domain was not properly set yet
+    return _get_empty_handle if !exists $CLASSES{$k};
+    
+    # Get the localization class name
+    $class = $CLASSES{$k};
+    # Get the language handle
+    $LH = $class->get_handle(@LANGS);
+    # Lexicon empty if failed get_handle()
+    return _get_empty_handle if !defined $LH;
+    
+    # Obtain the subclass name of the got language handle
+    $subclass = ref($LH);
+    # Use the existing language handle whenever possible, to reduce
+    # the initialization overhead
+    if (exists $LHS{$subclass}) {
+        $LH = $LHS{$subclass};
+        if (!exists $PARAMS{"USERSET_ENCODING"}) {
+            if (exists $LH->{"MO_ENCODING"}) {
+                $PARAMS{"ENCODING"} = $LH->{"MO_ENCODING"};
+            } else {
+                delete $PARAMS{"ENCODING"};
+            }
+        }
+        return _lang($LH)
+    }
+    
+    # Initialize it
+    $LH->bindtextdomain($DOMAIN, $LOCALEDIRS{$DOMAIN});
+    $LH->textdomain($DOMAIN);
+    # Respect the MO file encoding unless there is a user preferrence
+    if (!exists $PARAMS{"USERSET_ENCODING"}) {
+        if (exists $LH->{"MO_ENCODING"}) {
+            $PARAMS{"ENCODING"} = $LH->{"MO_ENCODING"};
+        } else {
+            delete $PARAMS{"ENCODING"};
+        }
+    }
+    # We handle the encoding() and key_encoding() ourselves.
+    $LH->key_encoding(undef);
+    $LH->encoding(undef);
+    # Register it
+    $LHS{$subclass} = $LH;
+    
+    return _lang($LH);
+}
+
+# _get_empty_handle: Obtain the empty language handle
+sub _get_empty_handle() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    if (!defined $_EMPTY) {
+        $_EMPTY = Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_EMPTY->get_handle;
+        $_EMPTY->key_encoding(undef);
+        $_EMPTY->encoding(undef);
+    }
+    $LH = $_EMPTY;
+    $LH->die_for_lookup_failures($PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"});
+    return _lang($LH);
+}
+
+# _reset: Initialize everything
+sub _reset() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    
+    %LOCALEDIRS = qw();
+    undef $LH;
+    undef $DOMAIN;
+    @LANGS = qw();
+    %PARAMS = qw();
+    $PARAMS{"KEY_ENCODING"} = "US-ASCII";
+    $PARAMS{"ENCODE_FAILURE"} = FB_DEFAULT;
+    $PARAMS{"DIE_FOR_LOOKUP_FAILURES"} = 0;
+    
+    return;
+}
+
+# _new_rid: Generate a new random ID
+sub _new_rid() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my ($id);
+    
+    do {
+        for ($id = "", $_ = 0; $_ < $RID_LEN; $_++) {
+            $id .= $RID_CHARS[int rand scalar @RID_CHARS];
+        }
+    } while exists $RIDS{$id};
+    $RIDS{$id} = 1;
+    
+    return $id;
+}
+
+# _k: Build the key for the domain registry
+sub _k($) {
+    return join "\n", $LOCALEDIRS{$_[0]}, $CATEGORY, $_[0];
+}
+
+# _lang: The langage from a language handle.  language_tag is not quite sane.
+sub _lang($) {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    $_ = $_[0];
+    $_ = ref($_);
+    s/^.+:://;
+    s/_/-/g;
+    return $_;
+}
+
+# Public empty lexicon
+package Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_EMPTY;
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+use vars qw($VERSION @ISA %Lexicon);
+$VERSION = 0.01;
+
+package Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_EMPTY::i_default;
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+use vars qw($VERSION @ISA %Lexicon);
+$VERSION = 0.01;
+
+return 1;
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions - Functional interface to Locale::Maketext::Gettext
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+  bindtextdomain(DOMAIN, LOCALEDIR);
+  textdomain(DOMAIN);
+  get_handle("de");
+  print __("Hello, world!\n");
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions is a functional
+interface to
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> (and
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>).  It works exactly the GNU
+gettext way.  It plays magic to
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> for you.  No more
+localization class/subclasses and language handles are required at
+all.
+
+The C<maketext>, C<dmaketext>, C<pmaketext> and C<dpmaketext>
+functions attempt to translate a text message into the native
+language of the user, by looking up the translation in an MO lexicon
+file.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+=over
+
+=item bindtextdomain(DOMAIN, LOCALEDIR)
+
+Register a text domain with a locale directory.  Returns C<LOCALEDIR>
+itself.  If C<LOCALEDIR> is omitted, the registered locale directory
+of C<DOMAIN> is returned.  This method always success.
+
+=item textdomain(DOMAIN)
+
+Set the current text domain.  Returns the C<DOMAIN> itself.  if
+C<DOMAIN> is omitted, the current text domain is returned.  This
+method always success.
+
+=item get_handle(@languages)
+
+Set the language of the user.  It searches for an available language
+in the provided @languages list.  If @languages was not provided, it
+looks checks environment variable LANG, and HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE
+when running as CGI.  Refer to
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> for the magic of the
+C<get_handle>.
+
+=item $message = maketext($key, @param...)
+
+Attempts to translate a text message into the native language of the
+user, by looking up the translation in an MO lexicon file.  Refer to
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3> for the C<maketext> plural
+grammer.
+
+=item $message = __($key, @param...)
+
+A synonym to C<maketext()>.  This is a shortcut to C<maketext()> so
+that it is cleaner when you employ maketext to your existing project.
+
+=item ($key, @param...) = N_($key, @param...)
+
+Returns the original text untouched.  This is to enable the text be
+catched with xgettext.
+
+=item $message = dmaketext($domain, $key, @param...)
+
+Temporarily switch to another text domain and attempts to translate
+a text message into the native language of the user in that text
+domain.  Use "--keyword=dmaketext:2" for the xgettext utility.
+
+=item $message = pmaketext($ctxt, $key, @param...)
+
+Attempts to translate a text message in a particular context into the
+native language of the user.  Use "--keyword=pmaketext:1c,2" for
+the xgettext utility.
+
+=item $message = dpmaketext($domain, $ctxt, $key, @param...)
+
+Temporarily switch to another text domain and attempts to translate
+a text message in a particular context into the native language of
+the user in that text domain.  Use "--keyword=dpmaketext:2c,3" for
+the xgettext utility.
+
+=item encoding(ENCODING)
+
+Set or retrieve the output encoding.  The default is the same
+encoding as the gettext MO file.  You can specify C<undef>, to return
+the result in unencoded UTF-8.
+
+=item key_encoding(ENCODING)
+
+Specify the encoding used in your original text.  The C<maketext>
+method itself is not multibyte-safe to the _AUTO lexicon.  If you are
+using your native non-English language as your original text and you
+are having troubles like:
+
+Unterminated bracket group, in:
+
+Then, specify the C<key_encoding> to the encoding of your original
+text.  Returns the current setting.
+
+B<WARNING:> You should always use US-ASCII text keys.  Using
+non-US-ASCII keys is always discouraged and is not guaranteed to
+be working.
+
+=item encode_failure(CHECK)
+
+Set the action when encode fails.  This happens when the output text
+is out of the scope of your output encoding.  For exmaple, output
+Chinese into US-ASCII.  Refer to L<Encode(3)|Encode/3> for the
+possible values of this C<CHECK>.  The default is C<FB_DEFAULT>,
+which is a safe choice that never fails.  But part of your text may
+be lost, since that is what C<FB_DEFAULT> does.  Returns the current
+setting.
+
+=item die_for_lookup_failures(SHOULD_I_DIE)
+
+Maketext dies for lookup failures, but GNU gettext never fails.
+By default Lexicon::Maketext::Gettext follows the GNU gettext
+behavior.  But if you are Maketext-styled, or if you need a better
+control over the failures (like me :p), set this to 1.  Returns the
+current setting.
+
+=item reload_text()
+
+Purges the MO text cache.  By default MO files are cached after they
+are read and parsed from the disk, to reduce I/O and parsing overhead
+on busy sites.  reload_text() purges this cache, so that updated MO
+files can take effect at run-time.  This is used when your MO file is
+updated, but you cannot shutdown and restart the application.  for
+example, when you are a co-hoster on a mod_perl-enabled Apache, or
+when your mod_perl-enabled Apache is too vital to be restarted for
+every update of your MO file, or if you are running a vital daemon,
+such as an X display server.
+
+=item %Lexicon = read_mo($MOfile)
+
+Read and parse the MO file.  Returns the read %Lexicon.  The returned
+lexicon is in its original encoding.
+
+If you need the meta infomation of your MO file, parse the entry
+C<$Lexicon{""}>.  For example:
+
+  /^Content-Type: text\/plain; charset=(.*)$/im;
+  $encoding = $1;
+
+=back
+
+=head1 NOTES
+
+B<NOTE:> Since localization classes are generated at run-time, it is
+not possible to override the Maketext language functions, like
+C<quant> or C<numerate>.  If that is your concern, use
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> instead.
+Suggestions are welcome.
+
+You can now add/remove languages/MO files at run-time.  This is a
+major improvement over the original
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> (and
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>).  This is done by
+registering localization classes with random IDs, so that the same
+text domain can be re-declared infinitely, whenever needed (language
+list changes, LOCALEDIR changes, etc.)  This is not possible to the
+object-interface of
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> (and
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>).
+
+Language addition/removal takes effect only after C<bindtextdomain>
+or C<textdomain> is called.  It has no effect on C<maketext> calls.
+This keeps a basic sanity in the lifetime of a running script.
+
+If you set C<textdomain> to a domain that is not C<bindtextdomain> to
+specific a locale directory yet, it will try search system locale
+directories.  The current system locale directory search order is:
+/usr/share/locale, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/local/share/locale,
+/usr/local/lib/locale.  Suggestions are welcome.
+
+=head1 STORY
+
+The idea is that:  I finally realized that, no matter how hard I try,
+I<I can never get a never-failure C<maketext>.>  A common wrapper
+like:
+
+  sub __ { return $LH->maketext(@_) };
+
+always fails if $LH is not initialized yet.  For this reason, 
+C<maketext> can hardly be employed in error handlers to output
+graceful error messages in the natural language of the user.  So,
+I have to write something like this:
+
+  sub __ {
+      $LH = MyPkg::L10N->get_handle if !defined $LH;
+      return $LH->maketext(@_);
+  }
+
+But what if C<get_handle> itself fails?  So, this becomes:
+
+  sub __ {
+      $LH = MyPkg::L10N->get_handle if !defined $LH;
+      $LH = _AUTO->get_handle if !defined $LH;
+      return $LH->maketext(@_);
+  }
+  package _AUTO;
+  use base qw(Locale::Maketext);
+  package _AUTO::i_default;
+  use base qw(Locale::Maketext);
+  %Lexicon = ( "_AUTO" => 1 );
+
+Ya, this works.  But, if I always have to do this in my every
+application, why should I not make a solution to the localization
+framework itself?  This is a common problem to every localization
+projects.  It should be solved at the localization framework level,
+but not at the application level.
+
+Another reason is that:  I<Programmers should be able to use
+C<maketext> without the knowledge of object-oriented programming.>
+A localization framework should be neat and simple.  It should lower
+down its barrier, be friendly to the beginners, in order to
+encourage the use of localization and globalization.  Apparently
+the current practice of L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>
+does not satisfy this request.
+
+The third reason is:  Since 
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> imports
+the lexicon from foreign sources, the class source file is left
+empty.  It exists only to help the C<get_handle> method looking for
+a proper language handle.  Then, why not make it disappear, and be
+generated whenever needed?  Why bother the programmers to put
+an empty class source file there?
+
+How neat can we be?
+
+imacat, 2003-04-29
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Since maketext localization classes are generated at run time,
+Maketext language function override, like C<quant> or C<numerate>, is
+not available here.  Suggestions are welcome.
+
+C<encoding>, C<key_encoding>, C<encode_failure> and
+C<die_for_lookup_failures> are not mod_perl-safe.  These settings
+affect the whole process, including the following scripts it is
+going to run.  This is the same as C<setlocale> in
+L<POSIX(3)|POSIX/3>.  Always set them at the very beginning of your
+script if you are running under mod_perl.  If you do not like it,
+use the object-oriented
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> instead.
+Suggestions are welcome.
+
+Smart translation between Traditional Chinese/Simplified Chinese,
+like what GNU gettext does, is not available yet.  Suggestions are
+welcome.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::TPJ13(3)|Locale::Maketext::TPJ13/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3>,
+L<bindtextdomain(3)|bindtextdomain/3>, L<textdomain(3)|textdomain/3>.
+Also, please refer to the official GNU gettext manual at
+L<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/>.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+imacat <imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+as Perl itself.
+
+=cut

script/maketext

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Command-line interface to Locale::Maketext::Gettext (and Locale::Maketext)
+
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+# First written: 2003-05-03
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptions);
+use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+$VERSION = 0.05;
+# Prototype declaration
+sub main();
+sub parse_args();
+
+use vars qw($THIS_FILE $SHORTHELP $VERSTR $SEARCH $HELP);
+$THIS_FILE = $0;
+$THIS_FILE =~ s/^.*\///;
+$SHORTHELP = "Try `$THIS_FILE --help' for more information.";
+$VERSTR = "$THIS_FILE v$VERSION by imacat <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>";
+$SEARCH = join " ", @Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS;
+$HELP = << "EOT";
+Usage: maketext [OPTION] [--domain=TEXTDOMAIN] MSGKEY [PARAM...]
+or:    maketext [OPTION] -s MSGID [PARAM...]
+
+Maketext and display native language translation of a textual message.
+
+  -d, --domain=TEXTDOMAIN   retrieve translated messages from TEXTDOMAIN
+  -h, --help                display this help and exit
+  -V, --version             display version information and exit
+  MSGKEY [PARAM...]         retrieve translated message corresponding
+                            to MSGKEY from TEXTDOMAIN
+
+If the TEXTDOMAIN parameter is not given, the domain is determined from the
+environment variable TEXTDOMAIN.  If the message catalog is not found in the
+regular directory, another location can be specified with the environment
+variable TEXTDOMAINDIR.
+When used with the -s option the program adds a new line to the end of the
+output so that it behaves like the `echo' or the `gettext' command.
+Standard search directories: $SEARCH
+
+Report bugs to <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>.
+EOT
+
+use vars qw($DOMAIN $LOCALEDIR $ECHO $KEY @PARAM);
+$ECHO = 0;
+
+# Main program
+main();
+exit 0;
+
+# main: Main program
+sub main() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    
+    # Parse the arguments
+    parse_args();
+    
+    bindtextdomain($DOMAIN, $LOCALEDIR)
+        if defined $DOMAIN && defined $LOCALEDIR;
+    textdomain($DOMAIN) if defined $DOMAIN;
+    print maketext($KEY, @PARAM);
+    print "\n" if $ECHO;
+    
+    return;
+}
+
+# parse_args: Parse the arguments
+sub parse_args() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    
+    # Get the arguments <20><><EFBFBD>o<EFBFBD>Ѽ<EFBFBD>
+    $_ = eval {
+        local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { die $_[0]; };
+        Getopt::Long::Configure("no_auto_abbrev");
+        GetOptions( "domain|d=s"=>\$DOMAIN,
+                    "s"=>sub { $ECHO = 1; },
+                    "help|h"=>sub { print $HELP; exit 0; },
+                    "version|V"=>sub { print "$VERSTR\n"; exit 0; });
+        return 1;
+    };
+    die "$THIS_FILE: $@" if !defined $_;
+    
+    # The MSGKEY
+    die "$THIS_FILE: missing arguments\n" if @ARGV == 0;
+    $KEY = shift @ARGV;
+    @PARAM = @ARGV;
+    
+    # Set the locale directory
+    $LOCALEDIR = $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"} if exists $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"};
+    # Set the text domain
+    $DOMAIN = $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"}
+        if !defined $DOMAIN && exists $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"};
+    
+    return;
+}
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+maketext - translate and make messages
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  maketext [OPTION] [--domain=TEXTDOMAIN] MSGKEY [PARAM...]
+  maketext [OPTION] -s MSGID [PARAM...]
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+The C<maketext> script translates a natural language message into
+the user's language, by looking up the translation in a message MO
+file, and process the plural transformation with Maketext.
+
+The C<maketext> script is a command-line interface to
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3> (and
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>).  It can be used in shell
+scripts, etc, to translate, maketext and return the result.  By this
+way, it enables Maketext to be integrated into other programming
+languages/systems, like bash/csh, python, PHP, C, etc.  It works
+like the command-line program gettext.
+
+For example:
+
+  % maketext -s "[*,_1,virus was,viruses were] found in [*,_2,file,files]." 0 1
+  0 viruses were found in 1 file.
+  % maketext -s "[*,_1,virus was,viruses were] found in [*,_2,file,files]." 1 3
+  1 virus was found in 3 files.
+  %
+
+=head1 OPTIONS
+
+=over
+
+=item -d,--domain=TEXTDOMAIN
+
+Retrieve translated messages from TEXTDOMAIN.
+
+=item -s
+
+Adds a new line to the end of the output so that it behaves like the
+`echo' or the `gettext' command.
+
+=item -h,--help
+
+Display the help messages.
+
+=item -V,--version
+
+Display version information and exit.
+
+=item MSGKEY
+
+The original text used to look up translated text.
+
+=item PARAM...
+
+Parameters to Maketext for the plural and other text functions.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ENVIRONMENT
+
+=over
+
+=item TEXTDOMAIN
+
+TEXTDOMAIN is used to determine the text domain when the -d
+parameter is not given.
+
+=item TEXTDOMAINDIR
+
+TEXTDOMAINDIR is used to search the message catelog/MO file if it
+does not reside in the system locale directories.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 NOTES
+
+Maketext language function override, like C<quant> or C<numerate>, is
+not available here.  Suggestions are welcome.
+
+The current system locale directory search order is:
+/usr/share/locale, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/local/share/locale,
+/usr/local/lib/locale.  Suggestions are welcome.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Report bugs to imacat <imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Locale::Maketext(3)|Locale::Maketext/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::TPJ13(3)|Locale::Maketext::TPJ13/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext/3>,
+L<Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions(3)|Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions/3>,
+L<bindtextdomain(3)|bindtextdomain/3>, L<textdomain(3)|textdomain/3>.
+Also, please refer to the official GNU gettext manual at
+L<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/>.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+imacat <imacat@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+as Perl itself.
+
+=cut

t/00-signature.t

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+use strict;
+print "1..1\n";
+
+if (!-s 'SIGNATURE') {
+    print "ok 1 # skip No signature file found\n";
+}
+elsif (!eval { require Module::Signature; 1 }) {
+    print "ok 1 # skip ",
+          "Next time around, consider install Module::Signature, ",
+          "so you can verify the integrity of this distribution.\n";
+}
+elsif (!eval { require Socket; Socket::inet_aton('pgp.mit.edu') }) {
+    print "ok 1 # skip Cannot connect to the keyserver\n";
+}
+else {
+    (Module::Signature::verify() == Module::Signature::SIGNATURE_OK())
+        or print "not ";
+    print "ok 1 # Valid signature\n";
+}
+
+__END__

t/01-basic.t

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Basic test suite
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 22 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+
+# Basic test suite
+use Encode qw(decode);
+use vars qw($META $n $k1 $k2 $s1 $s2);
+
+# bindtextdomain
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_ = $_->bindtextdomain("test");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, "$LOCALEDIR");
+
+# textdomain
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_ = $_->textdomain;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, "test");
+
+# read_mo
+$META = << "EOT";
+Project-Id-Version: test 1.1
+Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: 
+POT-Creation-Date: 2008-02-19 12:31+0800
+PO-Revision-Date: 2008-02-19 12:31+0800
+Last-Translator: imacat <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+Language-Team: English <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;
+EOT
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext;
+    $_ = catfile($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES", "test.mo");
+    %_ = read_mo($_);
+    @_ = sort keys %_;
+    $n = scalar(@_);
+    $k1 = $_[0];
+    $k2 = $_[1];
+    $s1 = $_{$k1};
+    $s2 = $_{$k2};
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($n, 4);
+# 7
+ok($k1, "");
+# 8
+ok($k2, "Hello, world!");
+# 9
+ok($s1, $META);
+# 10
+ok($s2, "Hiya :)");
+
+# English
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 11
+ok($r, 1);
+# 12
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 13
+ok($_[1], "Hiya :) under the File menu");
+# 14
+ok($_[2], "Hiya :) under the View menu");
+
+# Traditional Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($r, 1);
+# 16
+ok($_[0], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 17
+ok($_[1], "<22>ɮ׿<C9AE><D7BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>U<EFBFBD><55><EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 18
+ok($_[2], "<22>s<EFBFBD><73><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>U<EFBFBD><55><EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Simplified Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 19
+ok($r, 1);
+# 20
+ok($_[0], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 21
+ok($_[1], "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD><CBB5>µĴ<C2B5><C4B4>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 22
+ok($_[2], "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD><CBB5>µĴ<C2B5><C4B4>Һá<D2BA>");

t/02-big-endian.t

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test the big endian MO files
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2009 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 10 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+
+# Check reading big-endian PO files
+use vars qw($skip $POfile $MOfile $hasctxt);
+# English
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_be", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_be");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, "Hiya :)");
+
+# Traditional Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_be", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_be");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Simplified Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_be", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_be");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+
+# Native-built MO file
+{
+my $FH;
+$skip = 1;
+$POfile = catfile($FindBin::Bin, "test_native.po");
+$MOfile = catfile($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES", "test_native.mo");
+$_ = join "", `msgfmt --version 2>&1`;
+last unless $? == 0;
+last unless /GNU gettext/;
+last unless /GNU gettext.* (\d+)\.(\d+)/;
+# Gettext from 0.15 has msgctxt
+$hasctxt = $1 > 0 || ($1 == 0 && $2 >= 15);
+$_ = << "EOT";
+# English PO file for the test_native project.
+# Copyright (C) 2003-2009 imacat
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the commonlib package.
+# imacat <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>, 2003-%1\$04d.
+# 
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: test_native 1.1\\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: %1\$04d-%2\$02d-%3\$02d %4\$02d:%5\$02d+0800\\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: %1\$04d-%2\$02d-%3\$02d %4\$02d:%5\$02d+0800\\n"
+"Last-Translator: imacat <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>\\n"
+"Language-Team: English <imacat\@mail.imacat.idv.tw>\\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII\\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\\n"
+
+#: test_native.pl:100
+msgid "Hello, world!"
+msgstr "Hiya :)"
+EOT
+$_ .= << "EOT" if $hasctxt;
+
+#: test_native.pl:103
+msgctxt "Menu|File|"
+msgid "Hello, world!"
+msgstr "Hiya :) under the File menu"
+
+#: test_native.pl:106
+msgctxt "Menu|View|"
+msgid "Hello, world!"
+msgstr "Hiya :) under the View menu"
+EOT
+@_ = localtime;
+$_[5] += 1900;
+$_[4]++;
+$_ = sprintf $_, @_[5,4,3,2,1,0];
+open $FH, ">$POfile";
+print $FH $_;
+close $FH;
+`msgfmt -o "$MOfile" "$POfile"`;
+last unless $? == 0;
+$skip = 0;
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_native", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_native");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!") if $hasctxt;
+    $_[2] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!") if $hasctxt;
+    return 1;
+};
+}
+# 7
+skip($skip, $r, 1);
+# 8
+skip($skip, $_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 9
+skip($skip || !$hasctxt, $_[1], "Hiya :) under the File menu");
+# 10
+skip($skip || !$hasctxt, $_[2], "Hiya :) under the View menu");
+
+# Garbage collection
+unlink $POfile;
+unlink $MOfile;

t/03-errors.t

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite for the behavior when something goes wrong
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2009 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 29 }
+
+use Encode qw();
+use FindBin;
+use File::Basename qw(basename);
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($THIS_FILE $LOCALEDIR $r);
+$THIS_FILE = basename($0);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+sub find_system_mo();
+
+# find_system_mo: Find a safe system MO to be tested
+sub find_system_mo() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my %cands;
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    # Find all the system MO files
+    %cands = qw();
+    foreach my $dir (@Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS) {
+        my ($DH, @locales);
+        next unless -d $dir;
+        
+        @locales = qw();
+        opendir $DH, $dir               or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir: $!";
+        while (defined($_ = readdir $DH)) {
+            my $dir1;
+            $dir1 = catfile($dir, $_, "LC_MESSAGES");
+            push @locales, $_ if -d $dir1 && -r $dir1
+                && /^(?:en|zh_tw|zh_cn)$/i;
+        }
+        closedir $DH                    or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir: $!";
+        
+        foreach my $loc (sort @locales) {
+            my $dir1;
+            $dir1 = catfile($dir, $loc, "LC_MESSAGES");
+            opendir $DH, $dir1          or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir1: $!";
+            while (defined($_ = readdir $DH)) {
+                my ($file, $domain);
+                $file = catfile($dir1, $_);
+                next unless -f $file && -r $file && /^(.+)\.mo$/;
+                $domain = $1;
+                $cands{$file} = [$loc, $domain];
+            }
+            closedir $DH                or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir1: $!";
+        }
+    }
+    # Check each MO file, from the newest
+    foreach my $file (sort { (stat $b)[9] <=> (stat $a)[9] } keys %cands) {
+        my ($FH, $size, $content, $charset, $lang, $domain);
+        $size = (stat $file)[7];
+        open $FH, $file                 or die "$THIS_FILE: $file: $!";
+        read $FH, $content, $size       or die "$THIS_FILE: $file: $!";
+        close $FH                       or die "$THIS_FILE: $file: $!";
+        # Only take files whose meta information does not have special characters
+        # that might be considered as code by Locale::Maketext
+        next unless $content =~ /Project-Id-Version:([^\n\0\[\]~]+\n)+\0/;
+        # Only take files that resolve to a valid character set
+        next unless $content =~ /\s+charset=([^\n]+)/;
+        $charset = $1;
+        next unless defined Encode::resolve_alias($charset);
+        # OK. We take this one
+        ($lang, $domain) = @{$cands{$file}};
+        $lang = lc $lang;
+        $lang =~ s/_/-/g;
+        $lang = "i-default" if $lang eq "c";
+        return ($lang, $domain);
+    }
+    # Not found
+    return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+# When something goes wrong
+use vars qw($dir $domain $lang $skip);
+# GNU gettext never fails!
+# bindtextdomain
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_ = $_->bindtextdomain("test");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, undef);
+
+# textdomain
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_ = $_->textdomain;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, undef);
+
+# No text domain claimed yet
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# Non-existing LOCALEDIR
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", "/dev/null");
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 7
+ok($r, 1);
+# 8
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# Not-registered DOMAIN
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->textdomain("not_registered");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 9
+ok($r, 1);
+# 10
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# PO file not exists
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("no_such_domain", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("no_such_domain");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 11
+ok($r, 1);
+# 12
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# PO file invalid
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("bad", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("bad");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 13
+ok($r, 1);
+# 14
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# No such message
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 1);
+    $_[1] = $_->maketext("[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 3);
+    $_[2] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|View|", "[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 1);
+    $_[3] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|View|", "[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 3);
+    $_[4] = $_->pmaketext("Menu|None|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($r, 1);
+# 16
+ok($_[0], "1 non-existing message");
+# 17
+ok($_[1], "3 non-existing messages");
+# 18
+ok($_[2], "1 non-existing message");
+# 19
+ok($_[3], "3 non-existing messages");
+# 20
+ok($_[4], "Hello, world!");
+
+# die_for_lookup_failures
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->die_for_lookup_failures(1);
+    $_ = $_->maketext("non-existing message");
+    return 1;
+};
+# To be refined - to know that we failed at maketext()
+# was ok($@, qr/maketext doesn't know how to say/);
+# 21
+ok($r, undef);
+
+# multibyte keys
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->key_encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 22
+ok($r, 1);
+# 23
+ok($_, "<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", "/dev/null");
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->key_encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 24
+ok($r, 1);
+# 25
+ok($_, "<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+
+# Call maketext before and after binding text domain
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 26
+ok($r, 1);
+# 27
+ok($_, "Hiya :)");
+
+# Search system locale directories
+($lang, $domain) = find_system_mo;
+$skip = defined $domain? 0: 1;
+print "($lang, $domain)\n";
+$r = eval {
+    return if $skip;
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle($lang);
+    $_->textdomain($domain);
+    print "OK 1111\n";
+    $_ = $_->maketext("");
+    # Skip if $Lexicon{""} does not exists
+    $skip = 1 if $_ eq "";
+    return 1;
+};
+# 28
+skip($skip, $r, 1);
+# 29
+skip($skip, $_, qr/Project-Id-Version:/);

t/04-encodings.t

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite for different encodings
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 34 }
+
+use Encode qw();
+use FindBin qw();
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+
+# Different encodings
+# English
+# Find the default encoding
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_ = $_->encoding;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, "US-ASCII");
+
+# Traditional Chinese
+# Find the default encoding
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_ = $_->encoding;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, "Big5");
+
+# Turn to Big5
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Turn to UTF-8
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->encoding("UTF-8");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 7
+ok($r, 1);
+# 8
+ok($_, "大家好。");
+
+# Turn to UTF-16LE
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->encoding("UTF-16LE");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 9
+ok($r, 1);
+# 10
+ok($_, "'Y<>[}Y0");
+
+# Find the default encoding, in UTF-8
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_utf8");
+    $_ = $_->encoding;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 11
+ok($r, 1);
+# 12
+ok($_, "UTF-8");
+
+# Turn to UTF-8
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_utf8");
+    $_->encoding("UTF-8");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 13
+ok($r, 1);
+# 14
+ok($_, "大家好。");
+
+# Turn to Big5
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_utf8");
+    $_->encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($r, 1);
+# 16
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Turn to UTF-16LE
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_utf8");
+    $_->encoding("UTF-16LE");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 17
+ok($r, 1);
+# 18
+ok($_, "'Y<>[}Y0");
+
+# Find the default encoding
+# Simplified Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_utf8");
+    $_ = $_->encoding;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 19
+ok($r, 1);
+# 20
+ok($_, "UTF-8");
+
+# Turn to GB2312
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_utf8");
+    $_->encoding("GB2312");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 21
+ok($r, 1);
+# 22
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+
+# Encode failure
+# FB_DEFAULT
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test2");
+    $_->encoding("GB2312");
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 23
+ok($r, 1);
+# 24
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>¶<EFBFBD><C2B6><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>?<3F><>?<3F>֡<EFBFBD>");
+
+# FB_CROAK
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test2");
+    $_->encoding("GB2312");
+    $_->encode_failure(Encode::FB_CROAK);
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 25
+ok($r, undef);
+# 26
+ok($@, qr/does not map to/);
+
+# FB_HTMLCREF
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test2");
+    $_->encoding("GB2312");
+    $_->encode_failure(Encode::FB_HTMLCREF);
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 27
+ok($r, 1);
+# 28
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>¶<EFBFBD><C2B6><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>&#40599;<3B><>&#32080;<3B>֡<EFBFBD>");
+
+# Return the unencoded UTF-8 text
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->encoding(undef);
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 29
+ok($r, 1);
+# 30
+ok($_, "\x{5927}\x{5BB6}\x{597D}\x{3002}");
+# 31
+ok((Encode::is_utf8($_)? "utf8": "non-utf8"), "utf8");
+
+# Return the unencoded UTF-8 text with auto lexicon
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->encoding(undef);
+    $_ = $_->maketext("Big watermelon");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 32
+ok($r, 1);
+# 33
+ok($_, "Big watermelon");
+# 34
+ok((Encode::is_utf8($_)? "utf8": "non-utf8"), "utf8");

t/05-switching.t

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite for switching between different settings
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 25 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+
+# Switching between different settings
+use File::Copy qw(copy);
+use vars qw($lh1 $lh2 $dir $f $f1 $f2);
+
+# 2 language handles of the same localization subclass
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $lh1 = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $lh1->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $lh1->textdomain("test");
+    $lh2 = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $lh2->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $lh2->textdomain("test2");
+    $_[0] = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[2] = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[3] = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[4] = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[5] = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 3
+ok($_[1], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 4
+ok($_[2], "Hello, world!");
+# 5
+ok($_[3], "Pray it.");
+# 6
+ok($_[4], "Hiya :)");
+# 7
+ok($_[5], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+
+# Switch between domains
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_->textdomain("test2");
+    $_[2] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[3] = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_[4] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[5] = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 8
+ok($r, 1);
+# 9
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 10
+ok($_[1], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 11
+ok($_[2], "Hello, world!");
+# 12
+ok($_[3], "Pray it.");
+# 13
+ok($_[4], "Hiya :)");
+# 14
+ok($_[5], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+
+# Switch between encodings
+$r = eval {
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test");
+    $_->encoding("Big5");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_->encoding("UTF-8");
+    $_[1] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_->encoding("Big5");
+    $_[2] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($r, 1);
+# 16
+ok($_[0], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 17
+ok($_[1], "大家好。");
+# 18
+ok($_[2], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Reload the text
+$r = eval {
+    $dir = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $f = catfile($dir, "test_reload.mo");
+    $f1 = catfile($dir, "test.mo");
+    $f2 = catfile($dir, "test2.mo");
+    unlink $f;
+    copy $f1, $f    or die "ERROR: $f1 $f: $!";
+    
+    require T_L10N;
+    @_ = qw();
+    $_ = T_L10N->get_handle("en");
+    $_->bindtextdomain("test_reload", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_->textdomain("test_reload");
+    $_[0] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    unlink $f;
+    copy $f2, $f    or die "ERROR: $f2 $f: $!";
+    $_[2] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[3] = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_->reload_text;
+    $_[4] = $_->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    $_[5] = $_->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    
+    unlink $f;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 19
+ok($r, 1);
+# 20
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 21
+ok($_[1], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 22
+ok($_[2], "Hiya :)");
+# 23
+ok($_[3], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 24
+ok($_[4], "Hello, world!");
+# 25
+ok($_[5], "Pray it.");
+
+# Garbage collection
+unlink catfile($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES", "test_reload.mo");

t/06-racing.t

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite for the hybrid racing condition
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 42 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r $LOOKUP_FAILURE);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+
+# Hybrid racing conditionr
+use vars qw($lh1 $lh2);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    require T_L10N;
+    
+    $lh1 = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $lh1->fail_with(sub { $LOOKUP_FAILURE = 1; die; });
+    $lh1->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $lh1->textdomain("test");
+    $lh1->encoding("Big5");
+    $lh1->die_for_lookup_failures(0);
+    
+    $lh2 = T_L10N->get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $lh2->fail_with(sub { $LOOKUP_FAILURE = 1; die; });
+    $lh2->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $lh2->textdomain("test2");
+    $lh2->encoding("UTF-8");
+    $lh2->die_for_lookup_failures(1);
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+
+# Once
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 2
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($_, "Every story has a happy ending.");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 4
+ok($r, undef);
+# 5
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 6
+ok($_, "故事都有美麗的結局。");
+
+# Again
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 7
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 8
+ok($_, "Every story has a happy ending.");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 9
+ok($r, undef);
+# 10
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 11
+ok($_, "故事都有美麗的結局。");
+
+# Exchange everything!
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $lh1->bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $lh1->textdomain("test2");
+    $lh1->encoding("UTF-8");
+    $lh1->die_for_lookup_failures(1);
+    
+    $lh2->bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $lh2->textdomain("test");
+    $lh2->encoding("Big5");
+    $lh2->die_for_lookup_failures(0);
+    return 1;
+};
+# 12
+ok($r, 1);
+
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 13
+ok($r, undef);
+# 14
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($_, "故事都有美麗的結局。");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 16
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 17
+ok($_, "Every story has a happy ending.");
+
+# Exchange the text domains
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $lh1->textdomain("test");
+    $lh2->textdomain("test2");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 18
+ok($r, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 19
+ok($_, "大家好。");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 20
+ok($r, undef);
+# 21
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 22
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 23
+ok($_, "<22>G<EFBFBD>Ƴ<EFBFBD><C6B3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD><52><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Exchange encodings
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $lh1->encoding("Big5");
+    $lh2->encoding("UTF-8");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 24
+ok($r, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 25
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 26
+ok($r, undef);
+# 27
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 28
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 29
+ok($_, "故事都有美麗的結局。");
+
+# Exchange lookup-failure behaviors
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $lh1->die_for_lookup_failures(0);
+    $lh2->die_for_lookup_failures(1);
+    return 1;
+};
+# 30
+ok($r, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 31
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 32
+ok($_, "Every story has a happy ending.");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+
+# 33
+ok($r, undef);
+# 34
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 35
+ok($_, "故事都有美麗的結局。");
+
+# Switch to an non-existing domain
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $lh1->textdomain("Big5");
+    $lh2->textdomain("GB2312");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 36
+ok($r, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 37
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh1->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 38
+ok($_, "Every story has a happy ending.");
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 39
+ok($r, undef);
+# 40
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);
+$r = eval {
+    undef $LOOKUP_FAILURE;
+    $_ = $lh2->maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 41
+ok($r, undef);
+# 42
+ok($LOOKUP_FAILURE, 1);

t/07-f-basic.t

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Basic test suite for the functional interface
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 41 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+delete $ENV{$_}
+    foreach qw(LANGUAGE LC_ALL LC_CTYPE LC_COLLATE LC_MESSAGES LC_NUMERIC
+                LC_MONETARY LC_TIME LANG);
+
+# Basic test suite
+# bindtextdomain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    $_ = bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, $LOCALEDIR);
+
+# textdomain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_ = textdomain("test");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, "test");
+
+# get_handle
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+
+# maketext
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 6
+ok($r, 1);
+# 7
+ok($_, "Hiya :)");
+
+# __ (shortcut to maketext)
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 8
+ok($r, 1);
+# 9
+ok($_, "Hiya :)");
+
+# N_ (do nothing)
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = N_("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 10
+ok($r, 1);
+# 11
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# N_ (do nothing)
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    # <20><><EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD><6C><EFBFBD>A<EFBFBD>o<EFBFBD>ɤj<C9A4><6A><EFBFBD>ʡI :p <20>]From: <20>x<EFBFBD>W<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>E<EFBFBD><45><EFBFBD>^
+    @_ = N_("Hello, world!", "Cool!", "Big watermelon");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 12
+ok($r, 1);
+# 13
+ok($_[0], "Hello, world!");
+# 14
+ok($_[1], "Cool!");
+# 15
+ok($_[2], "Big watermelon");
+
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = N_("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 16
+ok($r, 1);
+# 17
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# maketext
+# English
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 18
+ok($r, 1);
+# 19
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 20
+ok($_[1], "Hiya :) under the File menu");
+# 21
+ok($_[2], "Hiya :) under the View menu");
+
+# Traditional Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 22
+ok($r, 1);
+# 23
+ok($_[0], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 24
+ok($_[1], "<22>ɮ׿<C9AE><D7BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>U<EFBFBD><55><EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 25
+ok($_[2], "<22>s<EFBFBD><73><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>U<EFBFBD><55><EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Simplified Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 26
+ok($r, 1);
+# 27
+ok($_[0], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 28
+ok($_[1], "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD><CBB5>µĴ<C2B5><C4B4>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 29
+ok($_[2], "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD><CBB5>µĴ<C2B5><C4B4>Һá<D2BA>");
+
+# maketext - by environment
+# English
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "en";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 30
+ok($r, 1);
+# 31
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 32
+ok($_[1], "Hiya :) under the File menu");
+# 33
+ok($_[2], "Hiya :) under the View menu");
+
+# Traditional Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "zh-tw";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 34
+ok($r, 1);
+# 35
+ok($_[0], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 36
+ok($_[1], "<22>ɮ׿<C9AE><D7BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>U<EFBFBD><55><EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 37
+ok($_[2], "<22>s<EFBFBD><73><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>U<EFBFBD><55><EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Simplified Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "zh-cn";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 38
+ok($r, 1);
+# 39
+ok($_[0], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 40
+ok($_[1], "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD><CBB5>µĴ<C2B5><C4B4>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 41
+ok($_[2], "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>˵<EFBFBD><CBB5>µĴ<C2B5><C4B4>Һá<D2BA>");

t/08-f-errors.t

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite on the functional interface for the behavior when something goes wrong
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 39 }
+
+use Encode qw();
+use FindBin;
+use File::Basename qw(basename);
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($THIS_FILE $LOCALEDIR $r);
+$THIS_FILE = basename($0);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+sub find_system_mo();
+
+# find_system_mo: Find a safe system MO to be tested
+sub find_system_mo() {
+    local ($_, %_);
+    my %cands;
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    # Find all the system MO files
+    %cands = qw();
+    foreach my $dir (@Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::SYSTEM_LOCALEDIRS) {
+        my ($DH, @langs);
+        next unless -d $dir;
+        
+        @langs = qw();
+        opendir $DH, $dir               or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir: $!";
+        while (defined($_ = readdir $DH)) {
+            my $dir1;
+            $dir1 = catfile($dir, $_, "LC_MESSAGES");
+            push @langs, $_ if -d $dir1 && -r $dir1;
+        }
+        closedir $DH                    or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir: $!";
+        
+        foreach my $lang (sort @langs) {
+            my $dir1;
+            $dir1 = catfile($dir, $lang, "LC_MESSAGES");
+            opendir $DH, $dir1          or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir1: $!";
+            while (defined($_ = readdir $DH)) {
+                my ($file, $domain);
+                $file = catfile($dir1, $_);
+                next unless -f $file && -r $file && /^(.+)\.mo$/;
+                $domain = $1;
+                $cands{$file} = [$lang, $domain];
+            }
+            closedir $DH                or die "$THIS_FILE: $dir1: $!";
+        }
+    }
+    # Check each MO file, from the newest
+    foreach my $file (sort { (stat $b)[9] <=> (stat $a)[9] } keys %cands) {
+        my ($FH, $size, $content, $charset, $lang, $domain);
+        $size = (stat $file)[7];
+        open $FH, $file                 or die "$THIS_FILE: $file: $!";
+        read $FH, $content, $size       or die "$THIS_FILE: $file: $!";
+        close $FH                       or die "$THIS_FILE: $file: $!";
+        next unless $content =~ /Project-Id-Version:/;
+        next unless $content =~ /\s+charset=([^\n]+)/;
+        $charset = $1;
+        next unless defined Encode::resolve_alias($charset);
+        # OK. We take this one
+        ($lang, $domain) = @{$cands{$file}};
+        $lang = lc $lang;
+        $lang =~ s/_/-/g;
+        $lang = "i-default" if $lang eq "c";
+        return ($lang, $domain);
+    }
+    # Not found
+    return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+# When something goes wrong
+use vars qw($dir $domain $lang $skip);
+# GNU gettext never fails!
+# bindtextdomain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    $_ = bindtextdomain("test");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, undef);
+
+# textdomain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_ = textdomain;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, undef);
+
+# No text domain claimed yet
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# Non-existing LOCALEDIR
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", "/dev/null");
+    textdomain("test");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 7
+ok($r, 1);
+# 8
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# Not-registered DOMAIN
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    textdomain("not_registered");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 9
+ok($r, 1);
+# 10
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# PO file not exists
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("no_such_domain", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("no_such_domain");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 11
+ok($r, 1);
+# 12
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# PO file invalid
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("bad", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("bad");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 13
+ok($r, 1);
+# 14
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# No such message
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_[0] = __("[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 1);
+    $_[1] = __("[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 3);
+    $_[2] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 1);
+    $_[3] = pmaketext("Menu|View|", "[*,_1,non-existing message,non-existing messages]", 3);
+    $_[4] = pmaketext("Menu|None|", "Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($r, 1);
+# 16
+ok($_[0], "1 non-existing message");
+# 17
+ok($_[1], "3 non-existing messages");
+# 18
+ok($_[2], "1 non-existing message");
+# 19
+ok($_[3], "3 non-existing messages");
+# 20
+ok($_[4], "Hello, world!");
+
+# get_handle before textdomain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    get_handle("en");
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 21
+ok($r, 1);
+# 22
+ok($_, "Hiya :)");
+
+# bindtextdomain after textdomain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    get_handle("en");
+    textdomain("test2");
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    $_ = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 23
+ok($r, 1);
+# 24
+ok($_, "Pray it.");
+
+# multibyte keys
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    key_encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = maketext("<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 25
+ok($r, 1);
+# 26
+ok($_, "<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", "/dev/null");
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    key_encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = maketext("<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 27
+ok($r, 1);
+# 28
+ok($_, "<22>]<5D><><EFBFBD>]<5D>w<EFBFBD>^");
+
+# Maketext before and after binding text domain
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    __("Hello, world!");
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 29
+ok($r, 1);
+# 30
+ok($_, "Hiya :)");
+
+# Switch to a domain that is not binded yet
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    get_handle("en");
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    textdomain("test2");
+    $_ = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 31
+ok($r, 1);
+# 32
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# N_: different context - string to array
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    @_ = N_("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 33
+ok($r, 1);
+# 34
+ok($_[0], "Hello, world!");
+# 35
+ok($_[1], undef);
+
+# N_: different context - array to string
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = N_("Hello, world!", "Cool!", "Big watermelon");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 36
+ok($r, 1);
+# 37
+ok($_, "Hello, world!");
+
+# Search system locale directories
+($lang, $domain) = find_system_mo;
+$skip = defined $domain? 0: 1;
+$r = eval {
+    return if $skip;
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    textdomain($domain);
+    get_handle($lang);
+    $_ = maketext("");
+    # Skip if $Lexicon{""} does not exists
+    $skip = 1 if $_ eq "";
+    return 1;
+};
+# 38
+skip($skip, $r, 1, $@);
+# 39
+skip($skip, $_, qr/Project-Id-Version:/);

t/09-f-encodings.t

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite on the functional interface for different encodings
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 34 }
+
+use Encode qw();
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+
+# Different encodings
+# English
+# Find the default encoding
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_ = encoding();
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_, "US-ASCII");
+
+# Traditional Chinese
+# Find the default encoding
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_ = encoding();
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_, "Big5");
+
+# Turn to Big5
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Turn to UTF-8
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("UTF-8");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 7
+ok($r, 1);
+# 8
+ok($_, "大家好。");
+
+# Turn to UTF-16LE
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("UTF-16LE");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 9
+ok($r, 1);
+# 10
+ok($_, "'Y<>[}Y0");
+
+# Find the default encoding, in UTF-8
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_utf8");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_ = encoding();
+    return 1;
+};
+# 11
+ok($r, 1);
+# 12
+ok($_, "UTF-8");
+
+# Turn to UTF-8
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_utf8");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("UTF-8");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 13
+ok($r, 1);
+# 14
+ok($_, "大家好。");
+
+# Turn to Big5
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_utf8");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("Big5");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 15
+ok($r, 1);
+# 16
+ok($_, "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+
+# Turn to UTF-16LE
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_utf8");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("UTF-16LE");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 17
+ok($r, 1);
+# 18
+ok($_, "'Y<>[}Y0");
+
+# Find the default encoding
+# Simplified Chinese
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_utf8");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_ = encoding();
+    return 1;
+};
+# 19
+ok($r, 1);
+# 20
+ok($_, "UTF-8");
+
+# Turn to GB2312
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test_utf8", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_utf8");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    encoding("GB2312");
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 21
+ok($r, 1);
+# 22
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+
+# Encode failure
+# FB_DEFAULT
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test2");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("GB2312");
+    $_ = maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 23
+ok($r, 1);
+# 24
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>¶<EFBFBD><C2B6><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>?<3F><>?<3F>֡<EFBFBD>");
+
+# FB_CROAK
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test2");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("GB2312");
+    encode_failure(Encode::FB_CROAK);
+    $_ = maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 25
+ok($r, undef);
+# 26
+ok($@, qr/does not map to/);
+
+# FB_HTMLCREF
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test2");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding("GB2312");
+    encode_failure(Encode::FB_HTMLCREF);
+    $_ = maketext("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 27
+ok($r, 1);
+# 28
+ok($_, "<22><><EFBFBD>¶<EFBFBD><C2B6><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>&#40599;<3B><>&#32080;<3B>֡<EFBFBD>");
+
+# Return the unencoded UTF-8 text
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding(undef);
+    $_ = maketext("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 29
+ok($r, 1);
+# 30
+ok($_, "\x{5927}\x{5BB6}\x{597D}\x{3002}");
+# 31
+ok((Encode::is_utf8($_)? "utf8": "non-utf8"), "utf8");
+
+# Return the unencoded UTF-8 text with auto lexicon
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    encoding(undef);
+    $_ = maketext("Big watermelon");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 32
+ok($r, 1);
+# 33
+ok($_, "Big watermelon");
+# 34
+ok((Encode::is_utf8($_)? "utf8": "non-utf8"), "utf8");

t/10-f-switching.t

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite on the functional interface for switching between different settings
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2008 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 63 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+delete $ENV{$_}
+    foreach qw(LANGUAGE LC_ALL LC_CTYPE LC_COLLATE LC_MESSAGES LC_NUMERIC
+                LC_MONETARY LC_TIME LANG);
+
+# Switching between different settings
+use File::Copy qw(copy);
+use vars qw($dir1 $dir2 $dir3 $f1 $f11 $f12 $f2 $f21 $f3 $f31 $class);
+
+# dmaketext in the middle
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    get_handle("en");
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[2] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[3] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[4] = dmaketext("test2", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[5] = dpmaketext("test2", "Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[6] = dmaketext("test2", "Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[7] = dpmaketext("test2", "Menu|File|", "Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[8] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[9] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Hello, world!");
+    $_[10] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[11] = pmaketext("Menu|File|", "Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 3
+ok($_[1], "Hiya :) under the File menu");
+# 4
+ok($_[2], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 5
+ok($_[3], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 6
+ok($_[4], "Hello, world!");
+# 6
+ok($_[5], "Hello, world!");
+# 8
+ok($_[6], "Pray it.");
+# 9
+ok($_[7], "Pray it under the File menu");
+# 10
+ok($_[8], "Hiya :)");
+# 11
+ok($_[9], "Hiya :) under the File menu");
+# 12
+ok($_[10], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 13
+ok($_[11], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+
+# Switch between domains
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    get_handle("en");
+    textdomain("test");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    textdomain("test2");
+    $_[2] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[3] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    textdomain("test");
+    $_[4] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[5] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 14
+ok($r, 1);
+# 15
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 16
+ok($_[1], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 17
+ok($_[2], "Hello, world!");
+# 18
+ok($_[3], "Pray it.");
+# 19
+ok($_[4], "Hiya :)");
+# 20
+ok($_[5], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+
+# Switch between languages
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[1] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[2] = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 21
+ok($r, 1);
+# 22
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 23
+ok($_[1], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 24
+ok($_[2], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+
+# Switch between languages - by environment
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "en";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "zh-tw";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[1] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "zh-cn";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[2] = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 25
+ok($r, 1);
+# 26
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 27
+ok($_[1], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 28
+ok($_[2], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+
+# Switch between different language methods
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "zh-tw";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[1] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[2] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "en";
+    get_handle();
+    $_[3] = __("Hello, world!");
+    return 1;
+};
+# 29
+ok($r, 1);
+# 30
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 31
+ok($_[1], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 32
+ok($_[2], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 33
+ok($_[3], "Hiya :)");
+
+# Reuse of a same text domain class
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "en";
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle();
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[2] = ref($Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::LH);
+    $_[2] =~ s/^(.+)::.*?$/$1/;
+    
+    bindtextdomain("test2", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test2");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[3] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[4] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    
+    bindtextdomain("test", "/dev/null");
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_[5] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[6] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    
+    bindtextdomain("test", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[7] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[8] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    $_[9] = ref($Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::LH);
+    $_[9] =~ s/^(.+)::.*?$/$1/;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 34
+ok($r, 1);
+# 35
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 36
+ok($_[1], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 37
+ok($_[3], "Hello, world!");
+# 38
+ok($_[4], "<22>G<EFBFBD>Ƴ<EFBFBD><C6B3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD><52><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>C");
+# 39
+ok($_[5], "Hello, world!");
+# 40
+ok($_[6], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 41
+ok($_[7], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 42
+ok($_[8], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 43
+ok($_[2], $_[9]);
+
+# Language addition/removal
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    $dir1 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $dir2 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "zh_TW", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $dir3 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "zh_CN", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $f1 = catfile($dir1, "test_dyn.mo");
+    $f11 = catfile($dir1, "test.mo");
+    $f2 = catfile($dir2, "test_dyn.mo");
+    $f21 = catfile($dir2, "test.mo");
+    $f3 = catfile($dir3, "test_dyn.mo");
+    $f31 = catfile($dir3, "test.mo");
+    unlink $f1;
+    unlink $f2;
+    unlink $f3;
+    
+    bindtextdomain("test_dyn", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[1] = __("Hello, world!");
+    
+    copy $f21, $f2  or die "ERROR: $f21 $f2: $!";
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[2] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[3] = __("Hello, world!");
+    
+    unlink $f2;
+    copy $f31, $f3  or die "ERROR: $f31 $f3: $!";
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[4] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[5] = __("Hello, world!");
+    
+    copy $f21, $f2  or die "ERROR: $f21 $f2: $!";
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[6] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[7] = __("Hello, world!");
+    
+    unlink $f2;
+    unlink $f3;
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    $_[8] = __("Hello, world!");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $_[9] = __("Hello, world!");
+    
+    unlink $f1;
+    unlink $f2;
+    unlink $f3;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 44
+ok($r, 1);
+# 45
+ok($_[0], "Hello, world!");
+# 46
+ok($_[1], "Hello, world!");
+# 47
+ok($_[2], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 48
+ok($_[3], "Hello, world!");
+# 49
+ok($_[4], "Hello, world!");
+# 50
+ok($_[5], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 51
+ok($_[6], "<22>j<EFBFBD>a<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>C");
+# 52
+ok($_[7], "<22><><EFBFBD>Һá<D2BA>");
+# 53
+ok($_[8], "Hello, world!");
+# 54
+ok($_[9], "Hello, world!");
+
+# Garbage collection - drop abandoned language handles
+$r = eval {
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    $dir1 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $dir2 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "zh_TW", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $dir3 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "zh_CN", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $f1 = catfile($dir1, "test_dyn.mo");
+    $f11 = catfile($dir1, "test.mo");
+    $f2 = catfile($dir2, "test_dyn.mo");
+    $f21 = catfile($dir2, "test.mo");
+    $f3 = catfile($dir3, "test_dyn.mo");
+    $f31 = catfile($dir3, "test.mo");
+    unlink $f1;
+    unlink $f2;
+    unlink $f3;
+    
+    copy $f11, $f1  or die "ERROR: $f11 $f1: $!";
+    copy $f21, $f2  or die "ERROR: $f21 $f2: $!";
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("en");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    $class = ref($Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::LH);
+    $class =~ s/^(.+)::.*?$/$1/;
+    
+    unlink $f2;
+    copy $f31, $f3  or die "ERROR: $f31 $f3: $!";
+    textdomain("test_dyn");
+    get_handle("en");
+    get_handle("zh-tw");
+    get_handle("zh-cn");
+    @_ = grep /^$class/, keys %Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::LHS;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 55
+ok($r, 1);
+# 56
+ok(scalar(@_), 0);
+
+# Reload the text
+$r = eval {
+    $dir1 = catdir($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES");
+    $f1 = catfile($dir1, "test_reload.mo");
+    $f11 = catfile($dir1, "test.mo");
+    $f12 = catfile($dir1, "test2.mo");
+    unlink $f1;
+    copy $f11, $f1  or die "ERROR: $f11 $f1: $!";
+    use Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions;
+    Locale::Maketext::Gettext::Functions::_reset();
+    @_ = qw();
+    bindtextdomain("test_reload", $LOCALEDIR);
+    textdomain("test_reload");
+    get_handle("en");
+    $_[0] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[1] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    unlink $f1;
+    copy $f12, $f1  or die "ERROR: $f12 $f1: $!";
+    $_[2] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[3] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    reload_text;
+    $_[4] = __("Hello, world!");
+    $_[5] = __("Every story has a happy ending.");
+    unlink $f1;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 57
+ok($r, 1);
+# 58
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+# 59
+ok($_[1], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 60
+ok($_[2], "Hiya :)");
+# 61
+ok($_[3], "Every story has a happy ending.");
+# 62
+ok($_[4], "Hello, world!");
+# 63
+ok($_[5], "Pray it.");
+
+# Garbage collection
+unlink catfile($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES", "test_dyn.mo");
+unlink catfile($LOCALEDIR, "zh_TW", "LC_MESSAGES", "test_dyn.mo");
+unlink catfile($LOCALEDIR, "zh_CN", "LC_MESSAGES", "test_dyn.mo");
+unlink catfile($LOCALEDIR, "en", "LC_MESSAGES", "test_reload.mo");

t/11-command-line.t

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+# Test suite on the maketext script
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2007 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 10 }
+
+use FindBin;
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile updir);
+use lib $FindBin::Bin;
+use vars qw($LOCALEDIR $r $maketext);
+$LOCALEDIR = catdir($FindBin::Bin, "locale");
+$maketext = catdir($FindBin::Bin, updir, "blib", "script", "maketext");
+
+# The maketext script
+# Ordinary text unchanged
+$r = eval {
+    delete $ENV{"LANG"};
+    delete $ENV{"LANGUAGE"};
+    delete $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"};
+    delete $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"};
+    @_ = `"$maketext" "Hello, world!"`;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 1
+ok($r, 1);
+# 2
+ok($_[0], "Hello, world!");
+
+# Specify the text domain by the -d argument
+# English
+$r = eval {
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"LANGUAGE"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"} = $LOCALEDIR;
+    delete $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"};
+    @_ = `"$maketext" -d test "Hello, world!"`;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 3
+ok($r, 1);
+# 4
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+
+# Specify the text domain by the environment variable
+# English
+$r = eval {
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"LANGUAGE"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"} = $LOCALEDIR;
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"} = "test";
+    @_ = `"$maketext" "Hello, world!"`;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 5
+ok($r, 1);
+# 6
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)");
+
+# The -s argument
+$r = eval {
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"LANGUAGE"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"} = $LOCALEDIR;
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"} = "test";
+    @_ = `"$maketext" -s "Hello, world!"`;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 7
+ok($r, 1);
+# 8
+ok($_[0], "Hiya :)\n");
+
+# Maketext
+$r = eval {
+    $ENV{"LANG"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"LANGUAGE"} = "C";
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAINDIR"} = $LOCALEDIR;
+    $ENV{"TEXTDOMAIN"} = "test";
+    @_ = `"$maketext" -s "[*,_1,directory,directories]" 5`;
+    return 1;
+};
+# 9
+ok($r, 1);
+# 10
+ok($_[0], "5 directories\n");

t/99-pod.t

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+use Test::More;
+eval "use Test::Pod 1.00";
+plan skip_all => "Test::Pod 1.00 required for testing POD" if $@;
+all_pod_files_ok();

t/T_L10N.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Test localization class and its subclasses
+# Copyright (c) 2003 imacat. All rights reserved. This program is free
+# software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
+# as Perl itself.
+
+package T_L10N;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+
+return 1;
+
+package T_L10N::en;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+
+return 1;
+
+package T_L10N::zh_tw;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+
+return 1;
+
+package T_L10N::zh_cn;
+use base qw(Locale::Maketext::Gettext);
+
+return 1;

t/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/bad.mo

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000